Four Treasures Of Study.ppt

Four Treasures Of Study Four Treasures Of Study ` Contents 1. The Brush 2. The Ink 3. The Paper 4. The Inkstone The Bursh 1.1 History The Brush: The most ancient of the Four Treasures . The oldest brush found so far dates back to the Han dynasty (202 BC–220 AD) . The earliest ink brush was found in 1954, in the tomb of a Chu citizen（楚公民）during the Warring States Period战国时代 (475-221 BCE). Invented by Meng Tian(蒙恬）in later Qin. 1.2 Types Brushes differ in terms of size, texture, material and cost. Stalk: Usually normal bamboo, exotic brushes instead may use materials like gold, silver, jade(翡翠）, ivory（象牙）, red sandalwood（檀香木） . Hairs source: be made from goat, Siberian Weasel (黄鼠狼), pig, mouse, buffalo, wolf and rabbit hair, while exotic ones can be made from tiger, fowl, deer and even baby’s hair Hairs texture: soft (軟毫 ), mixed (兼毫 ) or hard (硬毫 ) hairs Hairs size: Generally classified as either big (大楷 ), medium (中楷) or small (小楷 ); 1.3 use Calligraphy（书法） most calligraphy use a medium-sized brush painting Medium brushes are the most widely used; wielded by a skilled artist, it can produce a variety of thicknesses of line Ink 2.1 History The earliest Chinese inks can be dated back to 12th century BC. Inks were discussed by Eastern Han Xu Shen (許慎 ) Inks used in Zhou dynasty are quite similar to those used in the Han dynasty Many large ingot-types（块状） inks appearing in late Eastern Han One of the first literary records of inkstick production in China is from qimin yaoshu (齊民要術 ) 2.2 production The glue, soot, and spice mixture ,then pressed into a shape and allowed to dry Soot is produced by burning of oils such as tung oil (桐油), soybean oil, tea seed oil, and lard(猪油）, or from wood such as pine（松木）. Animal glue, Egg white, fish skin are used to bind the inksticks together This process may take upwards of 6 weeks depen