英语语法(简缩).docVIP

（2006年9月18日had been given 将 来 shall will be given shall will have been given 过去将来 should would be given should would have been given 3）语气：特殊的动词形式，用以表示说话人对所说事物的态度。所说的话可能是事实，也可能是命令或请求，也可能是愿望、假设、怀疑、建议、猜测、纯粹的空想等。 语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种： 1）直陈语气，表示所说的话是事实。 如：France lies on the windward side of Europe. 2）祈使语气，表示所说的话是请求或命令。 如：Make yourself at home. 3）虚拟语气，表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。 如：If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. 虚拟语气大体有两种形式： 1）should, would, may, might加动词原形 Would you mind shutting the door? 2) 和某些时态的形式相同，但表示的时间不同 If I had the money , I would buy it. 真实条件句： If he has time, he will come. They decided to leave at once. If they didn’t, they wouldn’t be able to catch the train. 虚拟条件句（主要有两类）： 1）从句（过去式）＋主句（would＋动词原形） I would certainly go if I had the time. How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer! If I were you, I wouldn’t lose heart. 2）从句（had＋过去分词）＋主句（would have＋过去分词） She would have come if we had invited her. If he were here, he might be able to help. Had we made adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示非真实的假设，或者用来表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望。 非真实条件就是违背事实情况的假设，包括违背现在事实的假设，违背过去事实的假设，以及将来不可能发生或者虽然有可能发生但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。最后这一种假设简称为违背将来事实的假设。在这三种情况下，条件从句和主句中的谓语动词采取下列虚拟形式。 条件从句 主 句 违背现在 过去式 should＋动词原形 would 违背过去 had＋过去分词 should have＋过去分词 would 违背将来 1）should＋动词原形 2）were＋动词不定式 should＋动词原形 would 虚拟语气中主句中的第一人称用should，第二、第三人称用would。但在美国英语中，第一人称用would。此外，主句中也可用情态动词could或might代替should或would。在条件从句中，如果动词是be，在违背现在事实时，各个人称均用were。但在非正式文体中，特别是在口语中，第一、三人称单数用was的时候也不少。在违背将来事实的条件从句中，should＋动词原形及were＋不定式两种谓语动词形式适用于所有人称。 被动语态 体 时间 一 般 进 行 完 成 现 在 is (am, are) given is (am, are) being given has (have) been given 过 去 was (were) given was (were) being given had been given 将 来 will (shall) be given ——— shall will have been given 过去将来 would (should) be given ——— should would have been given 不定