应用光学81-83.pptVIP

Chapter 8 Telescope and microscope 8.1 Optical Performance Of Telescope For a telescope the requirements mainly include: Magnifying power: Field angle of view: Exit pupil diameter: Exit pupil distance: Resolution power: Parallax angle视差角: 8.1.1 Magnifying Power Observation instrument观察仪器: Aiming instrument瞄准仪器: The relationship between the magnifying power and the field angle of view 2ω: 8.1.2 Field Angle Of View: 2ω The field angle of view represents the largest field of view observed by the eye through the telescope. The field angle of view of the ordinary eyepiece普通的目镜is 8.1.3 Exit Pupil Diameter D’ The direct factor corresponding to the exit pupil diameter is the subjective brightness主观亮度. 出瞳直径又称为黄昏因数。出瞳直径越大，所观测到的景物就越明亮。但大于人瞳孔直径的出瞳直径是没有意义的 。 According to the diffractive resolution equation, we have For the instruments which are used in the laboratories or workshops the real magnifying power is greater than the effective magnifying power and the exit pupil diameter is equal to 1mm. In this case we can increase the subjective brightness by enhancing the illumination照明. 8.1.4 Exit Pupil Distance In order to avoid the eyelash睫毛 touching the lens the exit pupil distance should be greater than 6mm, and for the military instruments should be greater than 20mm. In some special instruments the exit pupil distance may be greater than tens of millimeters in order to avoid the strike of the recoil后退撞击. 8.1.5 Resolution Power α The value of the real diffractive resolution is a little higher than the ideal diffractive resolution angle: 8.1.6 Parallax Angle ε视差角 Line parallax: Line parallax is the axial distance b between the image plane and the graduation line of the reticule分划线. Angle parallax: It is the aiming angle error caused by the parallax, denoted by εin the object space,or by ε’in the image space. Parallax represented by diopter视度: According to the equation of the diopter, we have 8.2 The Objectives 目镜 Of The Telescope The optical properties of an objective len