李艳梅有机化学 第三章课件.pptVIP

Branched alkanes are generated when heating non-branched alkanes. Catalysts are often required. 3.4.3 Isomerization 异构化 从一个异构体转变为另一个异构体 在催化剂的存在下，烷烃可异构化—直链烷烃异构化为支链烷烃 A. Chlorination substitution of methane 甲烷的氯代反应 CH4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 CHCl3 CCl4 Cl2 Cl2 Cl2 Cl2 Under illumination or a high temperature between 250 and 400oC, chlorination of methane occurs as above. If oxygen or other radical capturing impurity exists, an inducing period is often required. The length of the inducing period is depended on the content of the oxygen and the impurity. 3.4.4 Free radical substitution 自由基取代