旅游地理学讲义(中英文)学生版第三章.docVIP

Chapter 3 Life Cycle of tourism area 旅游地生命周期理论及其应用 一、Concept and Classification of tourism areas旅游地概念和分类 二、 Theory of Tourism Area Life cycle 理论 （一）theory 理论 （二）appraisal评价 三、Application应用 一、Concept and Classification of tourism areas 一 Concept概念 1、tourism resource旅游资源 all those factors which can attract tourists to travel, such as natural matters, historical heritage，culture, and artificial landscape. 所有能够吸引旅游者旅游的要素，例如自然要素，历史遗迹，文化要素和人造景观 2、tourism area旅游地 an area where tourists stay and travel, and is composed of tourism resources, facilities, and other conditions in specific space. 旅游者逗留和旅行的地方，包括旅游资源和旅游设施及其他旅游条件的特定区域。 （二）classification分类 （1）by space按空间划分 tourism activity area; 旅游活动区 tourism reception area；旅游接待区 （2）by industry 按产业划分 tourism industry is dominant among economic industries, eg: Zhangjiajie, Jiuzhaigou； 旅游业是其主要支柱产业，如张家界、九寨沟 tourism industry is one of important industries among economic industries, eg: Beijing, Dalian. 旅游业只是其中重要产业之一，如北京，大连等 （3）by attribute and using direction按属性和利用方向 tourism areas composed mainly by natural landscape, culture resources, historic sites, entertainment, sports, industries and synthetic types. 自然景观地，文化旅游地，历史旅游地，娱乐运动旅游地，产业旅游地，综合旅游地 二、 Theory of Tourism Area Life cycle 理论 （回忆旅游学概论中的相关内容） 加拿大学者1980年提出，目前公认并被广泛应用。 （一）theory 理论 阶段STAGE 特点CHARACTERISTICS 探查EXPLORATION Small numbers of visitors discover a destination. 少部分游客“发现”目的地 参与INVOLVEMENT Greater, perhaps regular visitation with local entrepreneurs beginning to convert existing facilities or provide new ones for visitors. 随着本地企业开始为游客改善现有的设施或提供新的设施，有更多的可能是经常的游客参观。 发展DEVELOPMENT TAKE-OFF Establishment of infrastructure service and attraction facilities for tourism; appearance of a defined and regular market, stimulated by advertising, and the general replacement of smaller locally controlled facilities by larger non-locally-owned development. 旅游基础设施的建设阶段（服务和吸引设施）；由于广告宣传作用，出现了明确的稳定的客源；当地有限的旅游设施被外来企业所替代； 巩固CONSOLIDATION Final stage of initial growth, a