3.14原油与常二中（ⅱ）线换热器.doc

毕业设计(论文) 年加工250万吨大港原油常减压蒸馏工艺设计（换热流程） 学 号： 姓 名： 彭善峰 专 业： 化学工程与工艺 系 别： 化学工程系 指导教师： 宋广凤 工程师 二〇一三年五月摘 要 本次设计主要是针对年处理量250万吨大港原油换热流程的设计。常减压蒸馏装置中，从常压塔、减压塔出来的油品均具有较高的温度，若要出装置必须进行冷却到一定的温度。同时，原油从罐区出来也需要经过加热才能进入塔、炉进行进一步的加热及加工。热的产品需冷却，冷的原油需加热，一般通过冷换设备来进行热量的交换。由于常减压蒸馏装置的冷换设备较多，做好冷换设备的操作水平，是合理利用热源，提高装置热量回收率，做好装置节能降耗的一项重要措施。常减压蒸馏装置使用的冷换设备主要是管壳式换热器，其中用量最多的是浮头式换热器。它的优点结构简单、廉价、选材广、清洗方便、适用性强。本次设计均采用管壳式换热器，这种换热器可分为壳程出、入口设内导流筒或外导流筒结构。此次设计共涉及到20种换热器，全都用的浮头式换热器，总共回收热量为272.60×106kJ/h，侧线总产生热量为323.16×106kJ/h，本次设计的热量利用率为84.4%。 关键词：冷换设备；浮头式换热器；节能降耗；热量利用率ABSTRACT This design is mainly designed for the annual handling capacity of 2500000 tons of crude oil heat flow. Atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit, from the atmospheric tower, vacuum tower out of the oil has high temperature, if the device must be cooled to a certain temperature. At the same time, crude oil also need to enter the tower, after heating furnace for heating and processing further out from the tank farm. Hot products need cooling, cold oil heating, generally to exchange heat through the heat exchange equipment. Because of the atmospheric-vacuum distillation unit of heat exchange equipment more, good heat exchange equipment operation level, it is reasonable to use the heat source, improving heat recovery rate, make an important measure for energy saving. Cooling equipment in atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit is mainly used in shell and tube heat exchanger, which is the largest amount of floating head heat exchanger. The advantages of simple structure, cheap, its wide range of material selection, convenient cleaning, strong applicability. This design uses the shell and tube heat exchanger, the heat exchanger can be divided into the shell out, entrance located within the draft tube or external guide shell structure. This design is related to 20 kinds of heat exchangers, float all heat exchanger for heat recovery, a total of 272.60 × 106kJ/h, lateral line tot