HypotaxisvsParataxis1.docVIP

形合 hypotaxis vs.意合 parataxis 所谓形合指的是句子中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（），， The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come. The American Heritage Dictionary 意合指的是句子中词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relations between them. Example: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away. ---The World Book Dictionary WARM-UP: 他不干，6支钢笔，一共30元，拿回家一看，都是用过的了。 Before them lay miles and miles of beautiful plain with lots of wild animals among the grass. 但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 奈达在其《》 Translating Meaning “英汉在语言学上最重要的一个区别就是 形合和意合的不同。” “so far as English and Chinese are concerned, the most important difference linguistically is the contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis.” 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马,夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。 英语造句多用各种形式手段连接，注重显性接应（overt cohesion 汉语造句少用甚至不用形式连接手段，注重隐形连贯（covert coherence）, 重逻辑事理顺序，重功能，重意义，以神统形。1、关系词和连接词 关系词（）who, whom, whose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how 等用来连接主句和定语从句、主语从句等。 连接词（）and, or, but, yet, so, however, as well as, when, while, as , since, until, unless, lest 用来连接词、词组、分句或状语从句。 All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 2、介词 简单介词 with, to, in, about, through, between , 合成介词 inside, onto, upon, within, without, throughout 和成语介词 according to, along with, in front of , on behalf of, with regard to ）286个。介词是英语里最活跃的词类之一，是连接词语和从句重要手段。 Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 3、其他连接手段 如形态变化形式，包括词缀变化 前、后缀 ，动词、形容词、代词、副词的形态变化（如性、数、格、时态、语态、比较级等 N+s/es, v+ing/ed, n’s ,adj+er/est）及保持前后一致的关系，广泛使用代词以保持前呼后应的关系，以及使用it ,there作替补词起连接作用。英语常常综合运用上述的关系词、连接词、介词以及其它连接手段，把各种成分连接起来，构成长短句子，表达一定的语法关系和逻辑关系。 There is nothing more disappointin