托福语法第一讲句子结构.docVIP

托福语法第一讲 句子结构 特别提醒： 在做结构题时，要特别注意读题方式。一般来说，出现“，”的地方，要把重点放在句子主体结构一方，而尽量避免介词短语、插入语、分词状语的影响，很多时候，他们对句子主干是没有影响的。 考点1：单句 句子主干成分缺失。最基本和常见的格式有： VP （主语缺失） 要求：在选项中找出名词（短语）完成句子意思。 S O 谓语缺失 S+VP 宾语缺失 要求：在选项中找出可以做宾语的成分。 O （主谓缺失） 要求：在选项中找到可充当主谓的结构。 S VP （修饰成分缺失） 要求：找到主语的定语或是句子的插入语成分。 在做句子结构题型的时候，准确地判断所缺失的成分，名词、动词的词性是至关重要的。 例1：Unlike moderate antislavery advocates, abolitionists ____ an immediate end to slavery. 分析： 忽 略 ，主语 谓语缺失 名 词 结 构 A demanded B they demand C that they demanded D in that they demand 例2：A few animals sometimes fool their enemies ____ to be dead. 分析： 主语 谓语 宾语 表手段的状语 A appear B to appear C by appearing D to be appearing 例3：_____ have a very keen sense of hearing, although most do not hear sounds audible to the human ear. A While some insects do B Some insects which C Some insects D That some insects 主语缺失。 考点2：复合句 复合句的基本结构为： Conj.+S+VP., S+VP 主从复合句 先行+conj.+S+VP 定语从句 V+conj.+S+VP 宾语从句 出题的形式为： ___________ S+VP, S+VP 缺少连词 , S+VP 缺失整个从句 Conj.+S+VP, _______ +VP 缺失主句主语 Conj.+S+VP, _______ 缺少整个主句 Conj.+S+ _______, S+VP 缺少从句谓语 Conj.______ , S+VP 缺少从句主谓 Conj.+S+VP, S+ ______ 缺少主句谓语 例1： ____ have sense organs in a canal known as the lateral line, which allows them to respond to changes in water pressure caused by nearby motion. A That tile fish B Fish C When fish D If tile fish 例2：Comparatively few clues in the United States have competing newspapers today, a major change from 1900 ____ more than two newspapers. A because then most large cities having B when did most large cities have C then most large cities that had D when most large cities had 攻略： 在做题的时候，如果能够准确地判断含有空格的部分的性质（主句还是从句），缺少了哪一个成分，可将看似很长很复杂的句子化繁为简。 考点3：含有介词短语作状语、同位语结构的句子 例1：According to some critics, the novels of William Burroughs demonstrate the major hazard of absurd literature, its tendency toward over-embellishment and incoherence. hazard的同位语 例2：Even as a girl 状语结构 , Fanny Brice knew that performing was to be her life, therter audiences were to be her best teachers. 例3：____ the diffus