毕业设计-彩票证据递减 中英对照.docVIP

A Little Bit More Evidence of Lottery Regressivity: The Kansas State Lottery Pamela Mobilia, Ph.D. Brooklyn College and National Bureau of Economic Research This paper examines the existence of regressivity at the Kansas State Lottery using county level data. The classic t-test is used to test if the mean per capita bet in classes, defined as being below or above the median state income, are the same. The results show that the means of the per capita bets are not statistically different. Another test directly tests regressivity using the mean of bets expressed as a percentage of income. The results show that lower income counties bet more as a percentage of income. The second test also defines classes as being below or above the median educational level, labor force participation rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, population density, percentage white and the population size. The results show that Kansas runs a regressive lottery. Americas gambling fever has been receiving a great deal of attention as gambling has become more acceptable and readily available in recent years. In fact, some form of gambling is legal and available in every state except for Hawaii and Utah. However, more gambling has been accompanied by more debate. State run lotteries have been championed by legislators as states seek new sources of revenue. The ultra-high stakes of lotto games have transformed a small change industry into a $16 billion cash cow for financially pressed states (Passell, 1989). Organized religions opposition (once strong) has been stifled as charitable Monte Carlo Nights and Bingo have become pervasive. Bible belt states have even entered the lottery industry. However, not everyone wants to celebrate or congratulate state lotteries. Gambling has been attacked because of its potential harmful effects on society, the dangers of compulsive wagering, and the erosion of the traditional work ethic, as Americans try to strike it rich with a lucky ticket. Headlines p