英语修辞归纳.ppt

Rhetoric The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech and other compositional techniques. (broad) 写作；修辞学 Rhetoric It can be dated back to 400 B.C., the Aristotle time. Oral skill / argumentation Stress oratory 演讲术 Figures of speech A word or phrase used in a non-literal sense to add rhetorical force or interest to a spoken or written passage. (narrow) 修辞；修辞格 Functions of Figures of speech In everyday speech and writing and in literature the chief functions of figures of speech are probably to embellish（润色）, to emphasize or to clarify. They are used to give tone or atmosphere to discourse（演讲）, to provide vivid（鲜明的，生动的） examples, to stimulate thought by startling the reader or listener, to give life to inanimate objects, to amuse, or to ornament（修饰）. Types of Figures of speech Figures of speech exist in almost endless variety and many are closely related or intricately overlap（杂乱的重叠）, hence no completely satisfactory system of classification has ever been devised. The following may be considered one of the serviceable（耐用的） classification of the present day. Types of Figures of speech 1. Figures of resemblance or relationship. 2. Figures of emphasis or understatement. 3. Figures of sound. 4. Verbal games and gymnastics. Figures of resemblance or relationship Simile（明喻）: is a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another of a different kind by using the words: as, like, as…as, etc. Two things compared must be dissimilar and the basis of resemblance is usually an abstract quality. Simile 1. My heart is like a singing bird. 2. I wondered lonely as a cloud. 3. He is as cunning as a fox. 4. The pen is to a writer what the gun to a fighter. 5. He had no more idea of money than a cow. 6. Love and cough cannot be hidden. Figures of resemblance or relationship Metaphor暗喻: is a figure of speech in which two different things are compared without the use of word