初中复合句讲义.docVIP

第十一讲 复合句 复合句是由一个或一个和几个从句构成的句子。主句是句子的主体，从句只能在整个句子中作一个成分，不能独立。从句在句中作什么成分，就叫什么从句。 定语句子 在复合句，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放先行词之后。引导定语从句的词叫关联词。常见的关联词有关系代词that which who whom whose和关系副词where when why等。它们都在定语从句中担任成分。现分述如下： 1定语从句如果修饰人，常常用关系代词who，有时也用that 作主语时多用who .例如： He is a man who/that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。 如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语，就应当用whom 或that，但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略，且在口语中可用who代替whom。例如： Here is a man who/that/whom you should like to see.这就是你想见的那个人。 值得注意是，如果在介词的后面就只能用whom。例如： The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。 如果表示“…的”时，就用who的所有格whose。例如： Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor?我们班有谁的父亲是当医生？ Whose的先行词也可是物。例如： The house whose windows face the street is my uncle’s窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。 2.定语从句如果修饰“物”，用关系代词that的时候较多，有时也用which。例如： It’s a computer which/that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。 当这个代词在从句中用作定语时，往往都会把它省略。例如： The present that / which you gave me is very beautiful.你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮。 在介词的后面只能用which。例如： This is the book about which they are talking.这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。 3.定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时，用关系副词when。例如： I will never forget the day when I met her.我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。 4.定语从句修饰地点名词，用关系副词where。例如： This is the place where we lived for five years.这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。 5.定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时，用关系副词why。例如： I know the reason why she didn’t come yesterday. 注意： ●先行词为物时，which 与that的区别。 1.在下列情况下，通常只用that. 1 当先行词为 none, one, few, little, all, many, much, every, something, everything, anything, nothing时。例如： She did all that she could to help him. Is there anything else that you require. 2 当先行词被some, every, little, few ,many ,much ,all ,any ,no ,none等词修饰时。例如： There is little water that you can drink. You can take any seat that is free. 3 当先行词被 the same, the last, the only ,the right, the very等词修饰时。例如： It’s the last place that we want to visit. This is the very film that we enjoy. 4 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如： This is the first exam that we have this term. This is the best novel that I have read. 5 当先行词既有人又有物时。例如： He talked happily of the men and the book that interested u