SCM Chapter 2.pptVIP

Notes: Supply chain involves everybody, from the customer all the way to the last supplier. Key flows in the supply chain are - information, product, and cash. It is through these flows that a supply chain fills a customer order. The management of these flows is key to the success or failure of a firm. Give Dell Compaq example, Amazon Borders example to bring out the fact that all supply chain interaction is through these flows. 竞争战略必须与所有职能战略相互匹配。不同职能必须恰当组织其流程与资源,以便成功实施这些战略。 * SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT * How is strategic fit achieved 供应链的两类主要功能： 物理功能：能以最低的成本将原材料加工成零部件、半成品、产品并将它们从供应链的一个节点运到另一个节点。 市场中介功能：能对市场需求做出迅速反应，确保以合适的产品在合适的地点和时间来满足顾客的需求。 一般来说，供应链是在这两个功能间的权衡，即响应性与效率之间进行权衡。 * SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT * How is strategic fit achieved Supply chain responsiveness --- ability to respond to wide ranges of quantities demanded meet short lead times handle a large variety of products build highly innovative products meet a very high service level * SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT * How is strategic fit achieved Supply chain efficiency: the inverse of the cost of making and delivering the product to the customer. Increasing responsiveness results in higher costs that lower efficiency. * SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT * How is strategic fit achieved 响应性和效率。 响应性:对大幅度变动的需求量的反应,满足较短供货期的要求,提供多品种,生产具有高度创新性的产品,高服务水平。 响应性强的代价:生产能力,库存,物流能力(闲置)。 * SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT * How is strategic fit achieved Low High Responsiveness Cost High Low Cost-responsiveness efficient frontier * SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT * How is strategic fit achieved 成本 低 低 高 高 响应性 * SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT * How is strategic fit achieved Integrated steel mill Dell Highly efficient Highly responsive Somewhat efficient Somewhat responsive Hanes apparel Most automotive production The responsiveness spectrum * SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT * How is strategic fit achieved 高效率 一定效率 一定的响应性 高响应性 钢铁企业：提前数周或数月安排生产计划，缺少变化或弹性 服装：传统的生产——库存制造，生产提前时间为几个星期 多数汽车制造商：在2周内送达多种产品 戴尔公司：个性化的PC机，数日内供货 供应链响