【英语语法课件】之——3.限定词.ppt

第 5 讲：限定词（一） 限定词包括：①冠词；②物主限定词；③指示限定词；④关系限定词whose, which；⑤疑问限定词what, which, whose；⑥不定限定词no, any, some, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another；⑦基数词、序数词；⑧倍数词、分数词；⑨量词a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great∕good deal of, a large∕small amount∕quantity of, a great∕larege∕good number of 一、数量限定词（表示名词的数量） 1、数量限定词 英文中的数量词常用的有： ⑴只与可数名词连用 ①只接单数的：one, each, every ②只接复数的：two, three, etc., both, a couple of, a few, few, several, man, a number of ⑵只与不可数名词连用：a little, little, much, a great deal of, a large number of ⑶与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用均可：not any, some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, most, all 2、数量词与of连用 在上述数量词中，有些还可以接of短语连用，具体用法如下： ⑴all, most, some, any of＋特指限定词＋复数可数或不可数名词。比较： Most books are interesting. Most of books are interesting. Most of my∕these∕the∕John’s books are interesting. ⑵many, a few, few, several, both, two, three of＋特指限定词＋复数可数名词。比较：Many students are good at English. Many of students are good at English.Many of these students are good at English.⑶much, a little, little of＋特指限定词＋不可数名词。比较：Much water is wasted.Much of water is wasted.Much of the water is wasted.注：以上 这些“特指限定词”包括：this, that, these, those; my, their, John’s等名词所有格；the ⑷其他数量词如a lot of, lots of, a couple of, plenty of, a number of, a great deal of一般直接与名词连用。 特别关注：all（三个或以上都）∕ both（两个都）的用法，研究下列句子： All students are smart. 所有的学生都很聪明。 All of my students are smart. All my students are smart. All of students are smart. both和all的用法类似。但其他数量词不能像all 第三种句子这样用。 3、数量词a few, few, a little, little ⑴ 与名词搭配 a few, few后面只能接可数名词复数；而a little, little后面只能接不可数名词 ⑵ 肯定、否定之别 A few, a little意思是肯定的，相当于some，表示“有一些”。而few, little意思是否定的，表示“很少，几乎没有”。例如： ①His theory is rather difficult; few people understand it.＝almost no people inderstand it. ②His theory is rather difficult, but a few people understand it. ③I have little interest in English, so I am very poor at it. ④I have a little interest in English, so I like learning it. ⑶ 与only或very搭配我们