主动被翻译.pptVIP

主动与被动 Active vs. Passive They arrived at the summit on the fifth day. The fifth day saw them at the summit. A behavioral pattern vs. A psychological pattern What people have done to the world vs. What the world reflects of people’s behavior Active vs. Passive 一进房间他就闻到了一股浓烈的花香。 一进房间一股浓烈的花香扑鼻而来。 Psychological process of apperception vs. The role of the real world on apperception Active Voice vs. Passive Voice Voice enables us to look at actions in a sentence from two perspectives, without any change to the fact. The butler murdered the master. The master was murdered by the butler. Active Voice vs. Passive Voice Passive ≠ the opposite of Active ∴ Active voice emphasizes the action itself. Passive voice emphasizes the condition after the action is taken. English vs. Chinese English: 1) more variations of verb forms 2) clear division between man and nature 3) distinction between being subjective and objective 4) no strong need to emphasize ‘doer’ Chinese: 1) few variations of verb forms 2) unity of man and nature 3) no clear distinction between being subjective and objective 4) always emphasizes ‘doer’ Examples Analysis: 1. 我生于北京，工作在上海。 I was born in Beijing, and got employed in Shanghai. 2. 老虎打死了。 The tiger was killed. 这件事要再研究一下。 The matter must be further considered. 文章总算写完了。 The article has been finished off at last. Passive Voice: 1. Syntactic Passive: passive voice in the form and structure as being ‘passive’ 2. Notional Passive passive voice not in the form and structure as being ‘passive’, but offering a passive notion Syntactic Passive 1. 施动者方面的原因 1）说不清施动者 eg. Her purse was stolen in the railway station. 2）不必说出施动者 eg. Maybe you didn’t do it on purpose, but the truth is that the cup is broken. 3）不愿意说出施动者 eg. Some