2016中考被动语态A资料.pptVIP

主动语态和被动语态 A.主动语态：主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。 B.被动语态;主语是谓语动词的承受者 动作的对象 。 把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，谓语动词作相应的变化。 被动语态谓语构成:　助动词be＋动词过去分词 根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be有am, is, are, was, were, been形式 在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： ①不知道动作的执行者是谁， ②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者， ③需要强调动作的承受者时， 主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。 主动语态和被动语态结构的转换： 主动语态:主语＋谓语＋宾语 被动语态: 例： We clean our classroom every day. （主动） [注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也 要用一般现在时。 　　　②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。 把下列主动句改为被动句 ①Lily writes many letters every day. 主动 ②They visited this farm last year.（主动） ③We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主动） 在被动语态中要注意的问题 　　被动语态中要注意的问题。 　　①一些使役动词 let, have, make等 或感观动词 see, hear, watch, notice等 在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要 补上to。如： The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. [注意]当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时， doing保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop. 主动 He was seen going into the shop. 被动 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表 Homework 把下列句子改为被动语态 1. We plant many trees every year. Many trees are planted by us every year. 2. His mother made him wash his own clothes at the age of 10. He was made to wash his own clothes by his mother at the age of 10. ②含有短语的被动语态结构。 　　一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态， 但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可 带宾语，也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种： A 及物动词+副词 如： turn off 、 set up 、 carry out 、 put off 、take away 、 turn on 、 hand in 、 move away 、 pass on 、 write down 、put away 、 put on 、 take down 、send away 、 try on 、 put down 、sell out 、 hold on 、 try out 、 send up 、 take off 、 wear out 、wake up 、take out 、dress up 、 give back 、 work out 、 get back 、 find out 、pick up 、give up 、 pull up 、 put up 等 B 不及物动词+介词 如： look after talk about play with等 ?