晋北地区春播红小豆丰产栽培技术.docVIP

晋北地区春播红小豆丰产栽培技术 　　摘要 播期、种植密度与施肥量是影响红小豆产量的主要栽培因子，通过近年来的示范推广，摸索总结出一套适宜晋北地区红小豆创高产的丰产栽培技术，即“一优四适，一保五早”丰产栽培技术措施。“一优”即选用优良品种。“四适”即适期播种，适度密植，配合氮、磷、钾、有机肥适当增施钼肥、菌肥，适宜条件精量点播；“一保”即保全苗，使苗全、苗齐、苗匀、苗壮；“五早”即早间苗、早追促苗肥、早中耕、早管理、早防治病虫草害。 　　关键词 红小豆；春播；丰产；栽培技术；晋北地区 　　中图分类号 S529.048 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1007-5739（2014）01-0075-03 　　High-Yield Cultivation Technique of Spring Red Bean in North Region of Shanxi 　　LIU Zhi-ping FENG Gao XING Bao-long YANG Fang 　　（High Latitude Crops Institutute to Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Datong Shanxi 037008） 　　Abstract Seeding date，planting density and amount of fertilization are the main elements affecting the output of the red bean.After recent years of demonstration and extension in the Northern Shanxi，a set of planting technique suitable for use in this region for high output of red bean was summarized，which was the one excellence and four appropriations，one protection and five early guideline.The one excellence guideline was to select the fine varieties.The four appropriation guidelines were to seed at an appropriate time，to properly plant，to properly apply the molybdenum fertilizer and bacterial manure accompanied with nitrogenous fertilizer，phosphatic fertilizer，and potash fertilizer and to seed accurately.One protection guideline is to protect the seedlings to sprout completely and grow neatly，evenly and healthily.The five early guideline was to early thin out，to early apply fertilization，to early cultivate，to early manage the field，and to early prevent the diseases，insect pests and weeds. 　　Key words red bean；spring sowing；high-yield；cultivation technique；North Region of Shanxi 　　山西晋北地区是山西省红小豆主产区，年平均气温-4～14 ℃，年降雨量380～550 mm，年日照时数2 300～2 800 h，年无霜期130～190 d，年≥10 ℃的有效积温2 900～4 000 ℃，其间地域辽阔，沟壑纵横，黄土深厚，山川、盆地交映，光热资源丰富，独特的地理、生态与气候类型非常适宜红小豆的生长发育。但目前晋北地区红小豆单产低而不稳，究其原因，除因红小豆多被零散种植于山、旱地外，耕作管理粗放外、缺乏与之配套的优质丰产栽培技术也是影响产量的一个重要因素，因而探索干旱条件下春播红小豆丰产栽培技术具有深远意义。 　　1 选地及茬口安排 　　红小豆属豆科短日照喜温作物，具有一定固氮养地能力。其耐旱、耐瘠薄，耐荫，适应性广，对土壤要求不严格，各类土壤均可种植，适于在中性偏酸土壤、疏松的腐殖质土壤或沙