chapterone-gen.obc-swampscotthighschool.ppt

Measurement The Metric System and SI Units Converting Units Uncertainty in Measurement Significant Figures Measuring Volume and Mass Extensive and Intensive Properties Density Measuring Temperature and Time The Mole and Atomic and Formula Masses SI Units Many different systems for measuring the world around us have developed over the years. People in the U.S. rely on the English System. Scientists make use of SI units so that we all are speaking the same measurement language. Data, results and units Data Measurements and observations. Results Data obtained from an experiment. May be converted using known equations. Units Defines the quantities being measured. All measurements must have units. To communicate our results, we must use standard units Units are important 45 000 has little meaning, just a number $45,000 has some meaning - money $45,000/yr more meaning - person’s salary Measurements in chemistry English units. - Still commonly used in the United States. Weight ounce, pound, ton Length inch, foot, yard, mile Volume cup, pint, quart, gallon Not often used in scientific work - Very confusing and difficult to keep track of the conversions needed. Measurement in chemistry Example Measurement in chemistry Metric Units One base unit for each type of measurement. Use a prefix to change the size of unit. Some common base units. Type Name Symbol Mass gram g Length meter m Volume liter L Time second s Energy joule J Metric prefixes Changing the prefix alters the size of a unit. SI units SI - System International Systematic subset of the metric system. Only uses certain metric units. Mass kilograms Length meters Time seconds Temperature kelvin Amount mole Other SI units are derived from SI base units. Example. Metric conversion Converting units Factor label method Regardless of conversion, keeping track of units makes thing come out