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explicationistheprocessbywhichabstractconceptsare.doc

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explicationistheprocessbywhichabstractconceptsare

MMC 9002 (500) Researching Communication I Fall 2007 Lombard CLASS 4. Concept Explication and Literature Review What is explication? It is the process by which abstract concepts are systematically linked to observed variations in those concepts in the “real” world with appropriate methods. This is accomplished by developing two definitions Conceptual definitions: Specify the meaning of the concepts to be studied; verbal descriptions of the essential properties the researcher intends to be included within the concept’s meaning Operational definitions: Procedures by which the concept is to be observed, measured or manipulated Many of each of these types of definitions are possible for a given concept Process of explication involves two sets of procedures: Meaning analysis: Use logical procedures to define concepts with clearly connected conceptual and operational definitions This takes place when designing research Empirical analysis: The reverse process whereby you evaluate the concept based on empirical evidence Takes place after (at least some) research has been carried out What is a research concept? Abstractions communicated by words or signs that refer to common properties among phenomena Each concept has a real world referent e.g., “journalist” - an object e.g., “aggressive behavior” - a type of behavior e.g., “positively related” - a relationship Research concepts are terms we use to break down research questions and what we need to measure and analyze Types of concepts Singular: A unique object – e.g., “George W. Bush” Class: A collection of singular concepts – e.g., “U.S. presidents” Relational: A concept that shows connections – e.g., “greater than” Constant: A concept that only takes on one value – e.g., “female” Variable: A concept that can have different levels – e.g., “biological sex” Research concepts vs. everyday concepts: Abstractness – more than just a description, research concepts allow for comparison, differences Clarity of mea

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