The Ocurrence, Health Effects, and Regulations of Perchlorate in.pptVIP

The Occurrence, Health Effects Regulation of Perchlorate in Massachusetts Tsedash Zewdie Office of Research Standards Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection tsedash zewdie@state.ma.us /dep/water/drinking/percinfo.htm Acknowledgments ORS: Carol Rowan West, C. Mark Smith, Michael S. Hutcheson, Diane Manganaro MassDEP/MADPH Advisory Committee On Health Effects Staff of MassDEP’s Drinking Water Program and Bureau of Waste Site Cleanup MADEP Drinking Water Guideline 1 μg/L for sensitive subgroups: pregnant and nursing women fetus, infant and young children individuals with hypothyroidism Showering at low concentrations OK MassDEP decided to establish MCL in 2003 MassDEP issued its draft report for public review in 2004 1 ?g/L . NAS Panel established RfD of 7 x 10-4 mg/kg/d 2005 US EPA used NAS RfD and derived a DWEL of 24.5 ?g/L 2005 CA EPA and NJ proposed to set DWLs at 6, and 5 ?g/L respectively National drinking water standard is years away, if ever MassDEP took NAS results into account to to derive RfD and MCL MA Perchlorate Reference Dose RfD MassDEP evaluated available animal and human data, and put more emphasis on a human iodide uptake inhibition study Greer et al. 2002 0.007 mg/kg/d LOAELhuman IUI 100 Uncertainty Factor 7 x 10-5 mg/kg/d Known Sources of Perchlorate Exposure Emerging Information 2003 Research is Ongoing Lettuce 0 - 6,900 ?g/kg Cow’s Milk 0 - 11 ?g/L Breast Milk 1.4 - 92 ?g/L Perchlorate Exposure and Thyroid Function in California Neonates; Infant Characteristics versus Perchlorate Levels in Drinking Water Schwartz, 2001 Perchlorate Occurrence in MA Drinking water, Sources, and Case Studies Perchlorate Occurrence Monitoring Source Discovery Fireworks Blasting Sodium Hypochlorite Industrial Discharges Fireworks Perchlorate use and content has increased over time Primary uses are to produce color effects and loud bang/flash Potential Environmental Release Pathways Atmospheric fallout Dud