chapter8非谓语动词.docVIP

非谓语动词 非谓语动词： 1) Infinitive to do 2) Participle doing / done adj. 3) Gerund doing n. 一、不定式和动名词做主语 1．不定时做主语的句型 It takes sb. Money / time to do sth. It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. e.g. It is our duty to help them. It will take you quite a long time to finish it. It is easy for you to answer the questions. To answer the questions is easy for you. It is kind of you to help us. You are kind to help us. 2．动名词做主语的句型 It is no use / no good / no point / a waste of time / a bore + doing sth. It is useless / pointless / good / interesting / worthwhile / expensive + doing sth. e.g. It is no use crying. It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to accept the idea. There is no saying what may happen.说出将会发生什么事是不可能的。 3．不定式和动名词做主语的区别 1) 动名词做主语表示抽象的动作，而不定式做主语表示具体动作。 e.g. Smoking is prohibited here. It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 2) 动名词做主语表示一件已经发生的事或经验，而不定式则表示未完成的事或者目的 e.g. Climbing mountains is interesting. To study abroad has long been my dream. 不定式与动名词的区别在此已阐述，做表语，宾语等其他成分是，它们的区别也是如此。 二、不定式、动名词和分词做表语 1．不定式与动名词做表语 1）不定式作表语时，主语通常是一个名词、不定式短语或者从句，不定式表达具体动作，特别是表示将来的或没有完成的动作。 e.g. Your present task is to learn English well. To see is to believe. 2)）动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性动作，主语一般为名词、或动名词。 e.g. Our work is serving the people. His hobby is collecting stamps. Seeing is believing. Attention:动名词作表语与动词的进行时态形式相同，但主谓间的逻辑关系不同。 e.g. His hobby is collecting stamps. He is collecting stamps. 2．分词做表语 并非所有的动词的分词形式都可以做表语，只有表示心理状态的“使意”动词由此用法。 E.g. interest, excite, disappoint, tire, exhaust, convince, please, annoy, irritate, confuse, puzzle, bewilder, baffle, delight, satisfy, encourage, worry, etc. 一般来说，这些动词的现在分词形式用来修饰物，而过去分词形式用来修饰人。但具体的用法要看上下文的理解。 e.g. I’m interested in the interesting story. We all love the child, for he is pleasing. Through his annoyed face, we know he was really irritated. 三、不定式与动名词作宾语 1．不定式作宾语 1）有些动词只能用不定式作宾语 Afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, deci