虚拟语气形容词副词.docVIP

虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实或者与事实相反，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Tomorrow 如果明天天气好的话 真实条件句 If it is fine , we will go to the park. If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the park. Now 现在的天气是正在下雨 非真实条件句 If it were fine , I would go out to play. If it weren’t raining, I would go out to play. 非真实条件句所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用 1. 由if引导的和时态有关的虚拟语气： 虚拟情况 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 if +主语+动词过去式 主语+would/should/ could /might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 if +主语+had+动词过去式 主语+would/should/ could /might+have +动词过去分词 动词过去式 与将来事实相反 if +主语+ should+V 主语+would/should/ could /might+动词原形 were to+V 与现在事实相反 ※注意： 条件从句中be一律用were, 不分人称。但在口语中或非正式场合中，第一、三人称单数也可用was, 现代美语更是如此。 ※形式构成：从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），构成If I （we, you, he, they）＋动词过去式的形式；主句的谓语用would（第二、三人称）/should（第一人称）/might/could＋动词原形。此外，与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句句型还有： If it were not for…= Were it not for…要不是/ 如果没有…… 如果我在你的位置，我的想法会不同。 If I were in your place, I should think differently. 如果我是你的话，我不会那样做。 If I were you, I shouldn’t do like that. 要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。 If I were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth. 如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。 If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没有问题了。 If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 与过去事实相反 ※形式构成：从句的谓语用had＋过去分词，构成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/might have ＋动词过去分词。 如果你仔细一点， 这个错误是可以避免的。 If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided. 假如受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。 He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education. 假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。 If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time. 如果我们迟点走的话，我们就会错失火车了。 If we had left a little later, we should / would have missed the train. 要是我碰到她的话，我就已经告诉她了。 If I had met her, I would have told her. ※注意：与过去事实相反的句型还有：If it had not been for…= Had it not been for…要不是…/如果没有…… 与将来事实相反 ※形式构成：从句的谓语用If I (we, you, h