虚拟语气总体概括.docVIP

虚拟语气 一 语气是动词的一种特殊形式，它用来表示说话者对说话内容的看法和态度。在英语中，语气可以通过限定动词来表示。英语的语气可分为以下三种。 1 陈述语气：陈述事实、提出疑问或表示感叹。 e.g. Ⅰ She is very kind to children. 她对孩子们很和蔼。 He works for a law firm. 他在一家律师行工作。 2 e.g. Ⅰ Please close the door when you leave. 出门请顺手把门带上。 Lets all get together during Christmas. 我们圣诞节聚一下吧。 3 e.g. Ⅰ I wish I were a butterfly. 若我是蝴蝶该有多好。 I wouldnt worry about it if I were you. 如果我是你，我就不会担忧。1.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 英语的条件句有两类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。如果提出的条件是可以实现的或者与现实情况相吻合，就是真实条件句。这类条件句中的谓语动词通常使用一般性质的陈述语气。 e.g. If the boss agrees , we will hold a nice party for new employees. 如果老板同意，我们就开个迎新会。 If you need money, I can lend you some. 如果你需要钱，我可以借你一些。 如果提出的条件与现实相反或不大可能实现，则为虚拟条件句。这类条件句中的谓语动词需要使用虚拟语气。 e.g. If he were a little taller, he would have been enrolled. 如果他再高一点，或许就被录用了。 If you had adopted Marys advice, you would have finished the task by now. 如果你当时接受了玛丽的建议，你可能已经完成任务了。 1.1 在表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句中，动词形式可以用下表来表示： 主句中的谓语 动词过去式 be动词则用were should/would/could/might+动词原形 e.g.Ⅰ If he were still alive, I would tell him that I loved him. 如果他还活着，我会告诉他我爱他。 Ⅱ If I were rich, I could support these poor children and make sure they get a good education. 如果我是富人，我就会捐钱给穷孩子们， 让他们接受良好的教育。 从句有时可用If it were not for...……”的意思，相当于but for...。if可以省略，但语序要改为倒装，即Were it not for...。 e.g. If it were not for your cold, you would not have failed the exam. 如果不是因为你感冒，你考试也不会不及格。 Ⅱ Were it not for that kind lady, I would lose my way. 若不是因为那位善良的女士，我可能就迷路了 1.2 与将来情况相反的虚拟条件句 在表示与将来情况相反的虚拟条件句中，动词形式可以用下表来表示： 主句中的谓语 should/were to +动词原形 should/would/could/might +动词原形 e.g. Ⅰ If he were to harass you again, you should report him to the police. 如果他再骚扰你，你就报警。 If I were to do this job, I would do it in a different way. 如果让我做这份工作，我会用一种不同的方法。 在包括wereshould的虚拟条件句中，if有时可省略，这时语序要改为倒装。 e.g. Ⅰ Should you have any problems, please find the manager. 如有疑问，请找经理。 Were I to tell you that Steve is still alive, what would you do 如果我告诉你史蒂夫还活着，你会怎么做？ 在少数情况下，从句中的谓语可以省略should e.g. Ⅰ If anyone be found guilty, he should have