奥迪a6电控点火统组成原理及故障分析.doc

奥迪A6电控点火系统组成原理及故障分析 摘要：汽车点火系统是汽油发动机的重要组成部分，从最开始的磁电机点火系统发为传统的触点式蓄电池点火系统、晶体管辅助点火系统、、点火系其性能的好坏直接影响着发动机能否正常工作。熟悉点火系统的组成和工作原理，掌握其故障检修方法，是从事汽车维修工作的技术人员和工人所必须的。二十世纪70年代，美国GM公司采用了集成电路（IC）点火装置，高能点火（HEI）系统，并在分电器内装上点火线圈和点火控制线路，力图将点火系统做成一体，这种电路具有结构紧凑、可靠性高、成本低、耗电少、不需冷却、响应性好等特点。后期又采用数字式点火时刻控制系统，称为迈塞（MISAR）系统。该系统体积小，由中央处理器（CPU）、存储器（RAM/ROM）和模/数（A/D）转换器等组成。系统可根据输入的冷却液温度、转速和负荷等信号，计算出最佳点火时刻。美国克莱斯勒公司（Chrysler corporation）首先创立了模拟计算机对发动机点火时刻进行控制的控制系统。传统的点火系统，其点火时刻的调整是依靠机械离心式调节装置和真空式调节装置完成的，由于机械的滞后、磨损及装置本身的局限性，故不能保证点火时刻在最佳值。而用ECU控制的点火系统，则可方便地解决以上问题。因为用微机可考虑更多的对点火提前角影响的因素，使发动机在各种工况下均能达到最佳点火时刻，从而提高发动机的动力性、经济性、改善排放指标。ECU控制的点火系统是随着电子技术的进步而发展起来的一门新技术，也是汽车电子化的必然趋势Automotive gasoline engine ignition system is an important part, from the beginning of the development of magneto ignition system for traditional contact-type battery ignition system, transistor assisted ignition system, electronic ignition system A direct impact on the performance of the engine is working. Familiar with the ignition system of the composition and working principle, control over their troubleshooting methods, is engaged in vehicle maintenance technicians and workers needed. To 70 years in the twentieth century, the U.S. GM has used a integrated circuit (IC) ignition, high-energy ignition (HEI) system, and built on in the distributor ignition coil and ignition control circuit, trying to make one of the ignition system, which kinds of circuit has a compact structure, high reliability, low cost, low power consumption, without cooling, response and good characteristics. Late and use of digital ignition timing control system, known as the Mai Sai (MISAR) system. The system is small, the central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM / ROM), and analog / digital (A / D) converters and other components. System can be based on the input coolant temperature, speed and load signal, calculate the best ignition timing. U.S. Chrysler (Chrysler corporation) created the first analog computer to control engine ignition timing control