3 不同群体收入差距的泰尔指数分析.docVIP

教育对不同群体收入差距的影响 ——基于分位数回归的实证研究 浙江财经学院 禇盈盈、周晓婷、王维玲 摘要：对于收入差距，现有的研究提出了许多解释因素，其中人力资本理论认为教育是一项非常重要的人力资本投资，增加教育的投入会降低收入的不平等。本文基于中国健康和营养调查数据（CHNS），采用泰尔指数，对我国城乡之间、男性与女性之间、不同学历之间、不同省份的收入差距进行了分析。同时，运用分位数计量回归方法估计了不同收入分位点的教育回报率，以及男性和女性之间的教育回报率差异和农村与城镇之间的教育回报率差异。研究结果表明：组间差距引起总体差距的作用越来越明显；居民的教育水平提高(尤其是低收入者教育水平提高)，有助于缩小收入差距；同时，教育在各个收入分位点上对于女性的回报率要高于对于男性的回报率；城镇的教育回报率高于农村的教育回报率。 关键词：教育；收入差距；泰尔指数；分位数回归；教育回报率 The impact of education on income gap between different groups ——Empirical research based on quantile regression Abstract: Now some researches which focus on the problem of income gap have put forward many explanations. Human capital theory suggests that education is a crucial investment to human capital and increase investment in education will reduce income inequality. Depending on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), using theil index the income gap between urban and rural areas of China, men and women, different qualifications and different provinces of china were analyzed. Furthermore, used quantile regression method to estimate the rate of return to education on different quantile of income, and then estimating the rate of return to education of men and women and urban and rural areas respectively. It turns out that the gap between groups has an increasing effect on overall gap. If the level of education of residents (especially low-income people) is raised, it will help to narrow the income gap. And on different quantile of income the rate of return to education of women is higher than men’s and compared with people who lived in the rural areas, the rate of return to education of people who lived in urban areas is higher. Key words: education; income gap; theil index; quantile regression; the rate of return to education 目 录 1 问题的提出 1 2 数据描述 2 2.1 数据说明 2 2.2 假设条件 4 3 不同群体收入差距的泰尔指数分析 3 3.1 泰尔指数介绍 3 3.2 不同分组的收入差距分解分析 4 4 教育对收入影响的理论模型构建 6 4.1 明瑟方程的理论模型 6 4.2 具体计量回归模型 7 4.3 回归模型的估计方法——分位数回归 8 5 教育对收入影响的实证分析 9 5.1 教育回报率的估计 9 5.2 男性与