issue快餐——政治民主(美国历史文化及重要文献).doc

内容涉及自美国建国以来的重要历史事件，历史文献之名句。并不是所有内容都需背诵，了解其历史背景后，记忆个别段落，就会显得引经据典，通晓古今（笑~） 与其大量背诵一些名言警句，不如补全自己欠缺的知识，再灵活运用。 第一部分：殖民时期与独立革命 colonization and independence (一)五月花号公约 the Mayflower Compact 它是美国历史上的第一个政治契约性文件，被看作是宗教契约转化为政治七月的历史证明，称为“美国的出生证明”。该公约的效力一直持续到1691年普利茅斯殖民地并入马萨诸塞湾殖民地时为止。 签署人立誓创立一个自治团体，这个自治体首先是一个信念的共同体。他们是为了“荣耀神和拓展基督教的信仰”而远走他乡前来美洲。 节选： Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politic, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; and by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. 为了上帝的荣耀，为了增强基督教信仰，为了提高我们君王和国家的荣誉，我们远涉重洋， 在弗吉尼亚北部开垦第一个殖民地。自由在场者在上帝面前，彼此面前，共同庄严立誓签约，把我们已联合为一个公民的政治实体，以便更好实施，制定，建立那些在我们看来最有效的和最有利于殖民地共同利益的公平的法律，法令，条例，宪章，公职，我们承诺服从于遵守这一切。 (二)独立宣言the Declaration of Independence 独立宣言主要吸收了欧洲启明运动思想家John Locke天赋权利的思想。它包括三个部分：第一部分阐明了立国者的政治哲学，即民主与自由的哲学；第二部分列举了英王对殖民地的残暴统治，陈述了殖民地脱离英国的现实理由；第三部分郑重宣布独立。这篇宣言用词精炼，言简意赅，文字流畅，脍炙人口，是美国历史上任何文件所无法比拟的。 作者： 共有五人一起撰写。 Thomas Jefferson 独立宣言的主要起草人，美国第三届总统，被誉为天资最高，最多才多艺的美国总统。 节选： We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men were created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable right, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Government are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That wherever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form,