翻译中的谴词用问题.docVIP

基本的翻译技巧一般包括 1).Diction(选词用字); 2).Amplification(增益); 3).Omission(省略);4).Repetiton(重复); 5).Conversion(转换); 6).Restructuring(词序调整); 7).Negation(正说反译，反说正译); 8).Division(长句拆译).我们将逐一为您介绍，欢迎点击。 本期将阐述翻译中的遣词用字问题。 遣词用字是任何翻译工作者自始至终需面临的一个现实问题。由于英汉分属不同的语系，所以在翻译时源语与译语之间往往没用相对固定的词义对应关系。本期用对比的方式归纳了英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况：1.完全对等，2.多词同义，3.一词多义，4.词义交织，5.无对等词语。 词义辨析是遣词用字的前提。本期从四个角度探讨了如何判断某一英语词语的准确含义，即1.根据构词法辨别词义；2.根据指代关系辨别词义；3.根据上下文或词的搭配辨别词义；4.根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义。 在词义辨析的基础上，本期归纳了英语词语翻译的8种常用技巧：1.推演法，2.移植法，3.引伸法，4.替代法，5.释义法，6.合并法，7. 图形法和8.音译法。 1. Correspondence Between English and Chinese at Word Level英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况In most cases there is no existing pattern for sentence translation, nor are there fixed rules for word formation title=n.转化；转变；改造transformation. Generally speaking, the correspondence between English and Chinese at word level may be categorized as follows: 1) Word-for-word CorrespondenceThis is most evidently shown in proper nouns and technical terms. For example:Marxism = 马克思主义Aspirin ＝ 阿斯匹林 2) One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same MeaningThis is a common case in translation. For example:犬：dog, hound, spaniel, mastiff, pointer, setter, retriever, terrier…… 3) One Word with Several Equivalents of Different MeaningThis is also very common in translation. For example:carry: 搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、搂、抱、端、举、夹、捧…..走：walk, saunter, amble, stride, trudge, trapes, shamble, prance, scamper, clump, tiptoe ….羊： sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb…… 4) Equivalents Interwoven with One Another5) Words Without EquivalentsIn this case, an explanation is given instead of an equivalent. For example:clock-watcher: 老是看钟等下班的人阴： (in Chinese thought) the soft inactive female principle or force in the world阳： (in Chinese thought) the strong active male principle or force in the world（目不识）丁: (not know ones) ABC 2. Methods to Discriminate the Original Meaning of an English Word词义辨析Since English words are prone to various meanings, it is of vital importance for a translator to discer