7Work-spacedesign解析.ppt

Chapter 7 Workspace and Work Surface design What is work space? Workspace is the space within which you perform the tasks that add up to your job.? Outlines Workspace Envelopes for Seated Personnel Workspace Envelopes for Standing Personnel Out-of-Reach Requirements Clearance Requirements Design of Work Surface 7.1 Workspace Envelopes for Seated Personnel Seated posture: Advantages: 不易疲劳，持续工作时间长；身体稳定性好，操作的精度高；手脚可以并用作业。 Applications:精密作业，如书写、计算机操作、小部件的装配等；施力较小的作业(提重物时不大于4.5kg)；作业所需的工具、材料等在坐姿状态下易于拿到。 Effects of direction of reach and presence of restraints on workspace envelop(伸展方向及存在状态的约束条件对工作空间的影响) Effects of manual activity on workspace envelop(手工活动对工作空间的影响) Effects of Apparel on workspace envelop(衣物对对工作空间的影响) 7.1.1 Effects of direction of reach and presence of restraints 7.1.1 Effects of direction of reach and presence of restraints Roth and Halcomb(1977) measured the functional arm reach of subjects at various lateral angles form a dead-ahead seated position (from -45o left to +120o right) and at various levels (from -60o to +90o) form a seat reference point. Measurements were taken of the “grip-center” reach point at 114 such locations, under both restrained and unrestrained conditions. 7.1.2 Effects of manual activity on workspace envelope Activate push buttons or toggle switches: fingertip measurements(指尖测量) Use knob or to grasp level: thumb tip measurements(拇指测量) 7.1.3 Effects of Apparel on workspace envelope The apparel (衣着)worn by people can also restrict their movement and the distance they can reach, and therefore can influence the size of the workspace envelop. e.g. Sanders(1977) found that winter jackets restricted reach by approximately 5 cm. 7.2 Workspace Envelopes for Standing Personnel Standing posture: Advantages and Applications 可活动空间增大，适合来回走动和经常变换体位的作业，如纺织挡车工、普通车床的操作等； 手的力量增大，即人体能输出较大的操纵力； 不需要容膝空间，相对坐姿而言，所需的作业空间更小。 Try this: Try standing with your back against a wall and bend forwards. Standing reach is essentially a matter of body equilibri