5翻译的语言对比规律(语义.词法.句法.思维).pptVIP

The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented. (tree structure) 月球离地球非常遥远，即使那边山上长着大树，有大象在移动，我们用当今发明的最高倍率的望远镜，也不能看见它们。(bamboo structure) Any person leaving litter about instead of putting it in this basket will be liable to a fine of 5 pounds. 废物入筐，违者罚款5磅。 3) End-weight vs. Top-heavy In an English sentence, the shorter elements usually go before longer ones in arrangement order, thus the weight of the sentence is put at the end, and the whole sentence looks like a pyramid. That also explain why there are so many inverted sentences in English. The arrangement of a Chinese sentence seems quite the opposite, where the important elements are often said at the beginning of a sentence. So it looks like an inverted pyramid or triangle. 1. Gone are the days when we Chinese people depended on foreign steel. 中国人民靠洋钢的日子已一去不复返了。 2. The time has come when ordinary people can use electronic computers both in the office and at home. 普通人在办公处和家庭中使用电子计算机的时代已经到来。 4) Subject-prominent vs. Topic-prominent In an English sentence, prominence is usually given to the subject. There are five basic sentence patterns in English: SV, SVC, SVO, SVO1O2, SVOC, all with SV as its essentials. An English sentence is built on the subject-predict-pivot, with the subject and predicate in agreement. A Chinese sentence often lays emphasis on the thought or notion, so it is based on the thought pivot. 1. ……1到了铁公祠前，2朝南一望，只见对面千佛山上，梵宇僧楼，与那苍松翠柏，3高4下相间，红的火红，白的雪白，青的靛青，绿的碧绿，更有那一株半株的丹枫夹在里面，5仿佛宋人赵千里的一幅大画，作了一架数十里长的屏风。 （刘鹗：《老残游记》，齐鲁书社，1985，14页） When he reached the temple, he looked southwards and saw on the other side of the lake the Mount of a Thousand Buddha. There were temples and monasteries, some high and some low, scattered among the greyed pines and green cypresses: the red were as red as fire, the