评估以酸洗及化学萃取法去除土壤中重金属之可行性及地力影响.docVIP

評估以酸洗及化學萃取法去除土壤中重金屬之可行性及地力影響 Feasibility and fertility assessment of using acid washing and chemical extraction to remediate heavy metals contaminated soils 研究生：顏士欽 Yan, Shr Chin 指導教授：薩支高 Sah, Jy Gau 【摘要】 近年來台灣土壤受重金屬污染事件頻傳，且污染程度超過管制標準的農地達二百五十公頃，積極發展有效且可行之污染復育技術實為當務之急。本研究以人工配製含鎘、鉛及銅之污染土及採集現地污染土，進行以 HCl、EDTA及citric acid之萃取試驗，藉以評估不同萃取濃度、時間及次數對重金屬之移除成效，並觀察萃取前後之重金屬型態分佈及地力影響，期由整治成效及土壤之再利用性，確切掌握復育技術的適用性。 研究結果顯示，萃取劑之最佳萃取濃度分別為0.2 N HCl、0.05 M EDTA及2 M citric acid，且30分鐘之萃取時間即可達萃取平衡；不同供試土壤皆以二次萃取效果為理想，且除彰化土壤之銅污染，其餘供試土壤之重金屬經二次萃取後，均可控制至符合土壤污染管制之標準；酸洗及化學萃取後之水洗程序，有助於解決萃取劑殘留之問題，並增加重金屬之移除。而萃取劑對供試土壤中鎘、鉛及銅之萃取能力，與土壤性質、重金屬濃度及重金屬於土壤中之型態有關，其中土壤pH值與重金屬型態影響甚鉅。 重金屬萃取前後之型態分佈，主要受土壤性質或初始污染型態影響，重金屬於萃取前多以弱鍵結型態存在於多數土壤中，僅彰化土壤中鉛及銅以高能量鍵結存在，而酸洗雖可獲得較佳之萃取成效但亦增加重金屬於土壤中之移動性，而以EDTA萃取亦有部分土壤發生弱鍵結型態增加之現象。於地力影響方面顯示，酸洗將導致土壤pH降低，致使種子發芽率降低，且鹽基離子及有效性元素大量流失，但經EDTA及水洗之二次萃取則有助於回復土壤pH，因而有利於進行後續土壤肥力改良。 關鍵字：酸洗法、化學萃取法、重金屬、序列萃取、土壤地力 【Abstract】 Heavy metal contaminated soil events are constantly emerging in Taiwan. And, there is about 250 hectares farmland had found to be exceeded the soil pollution control standard. The priority task to develop a soil remediation technology was urgent. In this study, we formulated several soil samples with cadmium, copper and lead as materials, and collected a contaminated site soil to carry on the extraction of HCl, EDTA, and citric acid to evaluate the removal efficiency of heavy metals in different extractant concentration, times, and frequency. We also observed the changes of heavy metal bonding type and soil fertility before and after extraction. As a result, we expected to assess the suitability and remediation effectiveness of contaminated soil with acid washing and chemical extraction. We found the maxima extraction reached before 30 minutes and the most optimal concentration for extractants were 0.2 N HCl, 0.05 M EDTA and 2 M citric acid, respectively. The double extraction had better efficiency than single extraction. Except the copper contaminated soil sample from Changhua