上册P94（热力学第一定律）.docVIP

上册P94（热力学第一定律）： 15．恒容绝热，ΔU=QV=0 ΔU=ΔUAr+ΔUCu=(nCV,mΔT)Ar+(nCp,mΔT)Cu =4(20.786-R)(T-273.15)+2×24.435(T-423.15)=0 T=347.38K ΔH=ΔHAr+ΔHCu=(nCp,mΔT)Ar+(nCp,mΔT)Cu =4×20.786(347.38-273.15)+2×24.435(347.38-423.15)=2469J 19．恒压绝热，ΔH=Qp=0 ΔH=ΔHA+ΔHB=(nCp,mΔT)A+(nCp,mΔT)B =2×2.5R(T-273.15)+5×3.5R(T-373.15)=0 T=350.93K W=ΔU=ΔUA+ΔUB=(nCV,mΔT)A+(nCV,mΔT)B =2×1.5R(350.93-273.15)+5×2.5R(350.93-373.15)= -369.2J 35．(1) ΔrH?m=ΔfH?m,酯+2ΔfH?m,水-2ΔfH?m,醇-ΔfH?m,氧 = -379.07+2(-285.83)-2(-238.66)-0= -473.41kJ.mol-1 (2) ΔrH?m=2ΔcH?m,醇+ΔcH?m,氧-ΔcH?m,酯-2ΔcH?m,水 =2(-726.51)+0-(-979.5)-0= -473.52 kJ.mol-1 37．由 HCOOCH3+2O