一阶微分方程的解法探讨.docVIP

目 录 中英文摘要 1 第一章 引言 2 第二章 可分离变量类型的一阶微分方程 2 2.1 变量分离方程 2 2.2 可化为变量分离方程类型 2 第三章 一阶线性方程 6 3.2 一阶非齐次方程 6 3.3 伯努利方程 7 3.4 黎卡提方程 8 第四章 恰当微分方程 10 4.2 积分因子 11 第五章 高次微分方程 13 第六章 结论 14 致谢 15 参考文献 15 一阶微分方程的解法探讨 陈棋 （数学与应用数学系 指导教师：柳志千） 摘要：本文主要是给出了一阶微分方程的初等积分法.其中,常用的方程类型有三种：一、可分离变量类型的方程,包括可直接进行分离变量的方程、齐次方程及通过变量替换化成齐次方程的方程；二、介绍了一阶线性方程、伯努利方程以及黎卡提方程,其中对于一阶线性非齐次方程采用常数变易法、积分法和公式法这三种解法；三、恰当微分方程和积分因子,并简要的介绍了一阶高次微分方程.在此基础上,结合部分经典的例子来进行对一阶微分方程的解法进行探讨来加深对解法的认识.本文的主要目的是为了帮助初学者理清一阶常微分方程的初等积分法的解法思路,方便于教师的教学. 关键词：一阶微分方程；初等积分法；高次微分方程；积分因子 To explore the solution to the first-order differential equations Chen Qi (Mathematics and Applied Mathematics Department, Advisor: Liu Zhiqian) Abstract: This article mainly gives the first-order differential equation of elementary integral method. Among them, there are three kinds of commonly used equation types: First, the types of equations of separable variables, including the separation of variables can be directly to the equation, homogeneous equation and the equation by variable substitution into homogeneous equation;Second, introduced the first order linear equation, Bernoulli equation and the Riccati equations, one for order nonhomogeneous linear equations with constant variation method, the integral method and formula method these three solutions;Third, exact differential equation and integral factor, and briefly introduces the first-order of high order differential equation. On this basis, combined with some classic examples of solutions of first order differential equation is discussed to deepen our understanding of solutions. The main purpose of this article is to help beginners to untangle the elementary integral method of first order ordinary differential equation solution concept, convenient in teachers teaching. Key words: First-order differential equation ; High order differential equation ; Constant variation method;Integrating factor 一、引言 微分方程已越来越成为一门活跃的数学分支,在现实世界中扮演着重要的角色.而常微分方程是数学系学子必修的一门应用广泛的专业基础课,该课程在对