世界银行《个人信用报告一般应规则》部分原文及翻译.docVIP

附录 英文参考文献节选 General principles for Credit Reporting The World Bank September,2011 Introduction and Executive Summary 1.Welll functioning financial markets contribute to sustainable growth and economic development, because they typically provide an efficient mechanism for evaluating risk and return to investment, and then managing and allocating risk. Financial infrastructure (FI) is a core part of all financial systems. The quality of financial infrastructure determines the efficiency of intermediation, the ability of lenders to evaluate risk and of consumers to obtain credit, insurance and other financial products at competitive terms. Credit reporting is a vital part of a country’s financial infrastructure and is an activity of public interest. 2. Credit reporting addresses a fundamental problem of credit markets: asymmetric information between borrowers and lenders, which may lead to adverse selection, credit rationing, and moral hazard problems. Regulators and financial market participants are therefore increasingly recognizing the value of credit reporting systems for improved credit risk and overall credit portfolio management, to enhance financial supervision and financial sector stability, and as a tool to enhance access to credit. 3. In competitive markets, the benefits of credit reporting activities are passed on to borrowers in the form of a lower cost of capital, which has a positive influence on productive investment spending. Improved information flows also provide the basis for fact-based and quick credit assessments, thus facilitating access to credit and other financial products to a larger number of borrowers with a good credit history (i.e. good repayment prospects). 4. While credit reporting systems are developing rapidly across the world, there are no principles to systematically guide the various stakeholders in dealing with the challenges associated with the development and day-to-day operation and improvement of these systems. The Credit Re