氰酸酯／环氧树脂泡沫塑料的制备与性能表征.docVIP

氰酸酯／环氧树脂泡沫塑料的制备与性能表征 徐久升 摘要：采用两步法，以双酚A 型氰酸酯和双酚A 型环氧树脂为主要原料制备了一种新型的氰酸酯／环氧树脂泡沫塑料。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、动态热机械分析仪、差示扫描量热分析和热失重分析等分别对氰酸酯／环氧树脂泡沫塑料的化学结构、泡沫泡孔结构和热力学性能进行了表征。结果表明，氰酸酯／环氧树脂泡沫已固化完全，观察不到2 272 cm–1／2 236 cm–1 处的氰酸酯基团吸收峰和913 cm–1 处的环氧基团吸收峰。氰酸酯／环氧树脂泡沫塑料为闭孔结构，泡孔均匀且基本上呈规则的球形；力学性能优异，比压缩强度为10.22 MPa · cm3／g ；玻璃化转变温度为223℃，失重5% 的分解温度为309℃，具有优良的耐热性。 关键词：氰酸酯；环氧树脂；泡沫；泡孔；热性能；力学性能 Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Cyanate／Epoxy Foams Xu Jiusheng Abstract ：A new type of cyanate／epoxy foam with bisphenol-A dicyanate ester prepolymer and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A as main materials was successfully prepared through a two-step process. The chemical structure，morphology and size of cell，thermal and mechanical properties of the foam were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR ， scanning electron microscope，dynamic mechanical analysis， differential scanning calorimeter and thermal gravimetric analysis，respectively.The results show that the cyanate／epoxy foam is cure completely，and the characteristic peak of the –OCN group 2 272 cm–1／2 236 cm–1 and epoxide group 913 cm–1 are not observed on FTIR spectrum. The foam has relatively uniform closed cell and all the cells can be clearly observed and the cells are almost sphere. The foam has excellent mechanical properties，and the specificcompressive strength is 10.22 MPa · cm3／g. Glass transition temperature is 223℃ and temperature of 5wt% weight loss is 309℃， which reveals the excellent thermal properties. Keywords ：cyanate ；epoxy ；foam ；cell ；thermal property ；mechanical property 泡沫塑料是以气体为填料的复合材料，因其具有质轻、隔热、隔音、热导率低、比强度高且能吸收冲击载荷等优点而被广泛应用于吸附材料、结构材料、包装缓冲材料，能量吸收材料等领域。然而，随着社会的进步，航空航天和航海等科技领域飞速发展，传统泡沫塑料如聚氨酯、酚醛、脲醛、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯等在强度、刚度及耐热性等方面已无法满足使用要求,因此高性能泡沫塑料已成为该领域的研究方向和热点。氰酸酯树脂是20 世纪80 年代开发出来的一类高性能热固性树脂，其固化后形成的三嗪环结构具有优异的尺寸稳定性和热稳定性、优良的力学性能和粘结性能、高的玻璃化转变温度 Tg 220~290℃ 、低的吸湿率 1.5% 、低毒性、小的热膨胀系数、极低的介电常数 2.6~3.2 和极小的介电损耗角正切值 0.002~0.008 。此外，氰酸酯树脂不但有比环氧树脂和双马来酰亚胺树脂更优越的耐湿热性能，而且拥有与环氧树脂相似的工艺性能。然而，氰酸酯树脂单体聚合后交联密度大，加上分子