H06.ppt

Lecture 6from partisan press to commercial press 19th century: the rise of capitalism / journalism 1. commercial press 2. News agency 3. Mass press 按功能、特征划分4个阶段 官报 政论报刊 政党报刊 （面向中上层） 商业报刊 （大众、新闻） 美国的政党报刊及其“黑暗时期” 1783- 1833 Mott: Dark Period Federalist: Hamilton , New York Evening Post（晚邮报） Republican: Jefferson, National Intelligencer (国民通讯员报) Their difference: central and local power industry and agriculture foreign policy : pro-UK / Fr personal: aristocrat / democrat Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence, a principal leader in the American Revolution, and the third president of the United States. He is also regarded as a great political thinker and diplomat. The U.S. doubled its area in 1803 when he bought territory west of the Mississippi called the Louisiana Purchase. His words here were recited by an actor. Where it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspaper or newspaper without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. ---Jefferson , a letter to a friend, 1787 The Bill of Rights Amendment I　　Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.　 国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。  美国政党报特征 1 政论多,新闻少 2 党派性强, 可信度差 3 读者少 销量低 4 造谣诽谤 漫骂攻击 别开生面的商业报刊 一、美国的三大便士报 1．本杰明·戴和《纽约太阳报》（1833） 2．詹姆斯·戈登·贝内特和《纽约先驱报》（1835年） 3．霍勒斯·格里利和《纽约论坛报》（1841） 4．查尔斯·达纳 ( Dana) 和亨利·雷蒙德 (Raymond) Penny press founder: Benjamin Day 1833 New York Sun 1、改进报道内容 2、革新发行方式 Bennett: New York Herald , Paris Herald  Horace Greeley : New York Tribute forming of Int