断裂基因.pptVIP

* * Chapter 2 The interrupted gene 断裂基因 断裂基因的发现：比较真核生物mRNA与对应的DNA序列。 A transcript转录本 is the RNA product produced by copying one strand of DNA. It may require processing to generate a mature RNA. RNA splicing RNA剪切is the process of excising the sequences in RNA that correspond to introns, so that the sequences corresponding to exons are connected into a continuous mRNA. 2.1?An interrupted gene consists of exons and introns ? An exon外显子 is any segment of an interrupted gene that is represented in the mature RNA product. An intron?(Intervening sequence)内含子 is a segment of DNA that is transcribed, but removed from within the transcript by splicing together the sequences (exons) on either side of it. 2.1?An interrupted gene consists of exons and introns ? ? Hybridization between an adenovirus mRNA and its DNA identifies three loops corresponding to introns that are located at the beginning of the gene. 2.1?An interrupted gene consists of exons and introns ? Figure?2.2?? Exons remain in the same order in mRNA as in DNA, but distances along the gene do not correspond to distances along the mRNA or protein products. 2.1?An interrupted gene consists of exons and introns ? 2.2?Restriction endonucleases are a key tool in mapping DNA ? Figure?2.3?? Fragments generated by cleaving DNA with a restriction endonuclease can be separated according to their sizes. Restriction endonucleases 限制性内切酶recognize specific short sequences of DNA and cleave the duplex. Each restriction enzyme has a particular target in duplex DNA, usually a specific sequence of 4-6 base pairs. Figure?2.4?? A restriction map is a linear sequence of sites separated by defined distances on DNA. The map identifies the sites cleaved by enzymes A and B, as defined by the individual fragments produced by the single and double digests. 2.2?Restriction endonucleases are a key tool in mapping DNA A restriction map限制性酶切图谱 is a linear array of sites on DNA cleaved by various restriction enzymes. A kilobase?(k