本科－呼吸系统.ppt

The Pleura General features Serous membranes forming closed sacs Two layers Visceral pleura－adheres to lung, continuous with parietal pleura at root of lung Parietal pleura－lines the thoracic cavity  Two pleural layers continue with each other at root of lung forming closed potential space－pleural cavity 胸膜腔 Contains a small amount pleural fluid Subatmospheric pressure in it Named parts of parietal pleura Cupula of pleura 胸膜顶 －extends up into the neck, over the apex of lung, 2～3cm above the medial third of clavicle Costal pleura 肋胸膜 －lines the inner surface of the wall of the chest Mediastinal pleura 纵隔胸膜 Lines mediastinum Pulmonary ligament 肺韧带 －redundant pleura at root of lung, which extends downward, allows movement of structures forming root of lung Diaphragmatic pleura 膈胸膜 －Lines diaphragm Pleura recesses 胸膜隐窝 －potential spaces of pleural cavity which lungs are not occupied in quiet respiration Costodiaphragmatic recesse肋膈隐窝 －are the slit-like intervals between costal and diaphragmatic pleurae on each side, the lowest point of pleural cavity Costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝 －on the left side between the mediastinal pleural and costal pleura The surface projection of lower border of lung and pleurae Lower border Midclavicular lines Midaxillary lines Sides of the vertebral column Lungs 6th rib 8th rib 10th rib Pleura 8th rib 10th rib 12th rib 第三节 胸膜和纵隔 一、胸膜 ㈠ 基本概念 胸膜——被覆于胸廓内面和肺表面的浆膜。 壁胸膜 脏(肺)胸膜 胸膜腔——脏、壁胸膜在肺根周围处相互移行围成的密闭腔隙。 Diagram of the Pleurae and Pleural Cavities ㈡ 壁胸膜的分部 ①肋胸膜 ②膈胸膜 ③纵隔胸膜 ④胸膜顶 肋膈隐窝 ㈢ 肺和胸膜的体表投影 1、肺尖和胸膜顶：锁骨内侧端上方约2~3cm 肺 胸膜 接前缘处 第6胸肋关节 锁骨中线 第6肋 第8肋 腋中线 第8肋 第10肋 肩胛线 第10肋 第11肋 接后缘处 T10棘突 T12棘突 2、肺前缘和胸膜前界 3、肺下缘和胸膜下界 二、纵隔 ——两侧纵隔胸膜之间所有器官和组织结构的统称。 分部和内容 分部和内容 Anterior View of Thoracic Structures Transverse Cut through the Superior Thorax Changes in Thoracic Volume Changes in Thoracic Volume ⑴ 关节连结：环杓关节、环甲关节 ⑵ 韧带或膜连结： 甲状舌骨膜(甲舌膜