Unit61TwoApproachestoNetworkCommunication.docVIP

Unit 6 Network Communication 6.1 Two Approaches to Network Communication @Whether they provide connections between one computer and another or between terminals and computers, communication networks can be divided into two basic types: circuit-switched sometimes called connection oriented and packet-switched sometimes called connectionless . terminal: 终端, 晚期的;端子 circuit-switched: 电路交换式；回路交换； packet-switched: 报文分组; 数据包交换 无论通信网络提供两台计算机还是终端和计算机之间的连接，可以把它分成两个基本类型：电路交换（有时叫面向连接）和包交换（有时也叫无连接）。 Circuit-switched networks operate by forming a dedicated connection circuit between two points. form: 组成，构成； dedicated: 专用的, 专门的 电路交换网络通过构成通信两端之间的专用连接（回路）来操作。 The U.S. telephone system uses circuit switching technology—a telephone call establishes a circuit from the originating phone through the local switching office, across trunk lines, to a remote switching office, and finally to the destination telephone. originating： 起始，发起； switching office：中继局；交换局 trunk line：干线，中继线； 主管道 美国电话系统采用电路交换技术——一通电话建立一条从拔号方经过本地交换局，再通过干线到达远方的交换局最终连接到接听方。 While a circuit is in place, the phone equipment samples the microphone repeatedly, encodes the samples digitally, and transmits them across the circuit to the receiver. in place：准备就绪; 在合适的位置；就位， microphone：麦克风；话筒 一旦回路准备就绪，电话机重复地将话筒声音取样，数字化地将取样编码，然后将它们通过回路发送到接听方。 The sender is guaranteed that the samples can be delivered and reproduced because the circuit provides a guaranteed data path of 64 Kbps thousand bits per second , the rate needed to send digitized voice. guarantee：保证，担保 保证发送方的是取样可以被传送并恢复，因为回路提供了发送数字声音所需的速率每秒64Kbps（每秒千比特）的数据路径。 The advantage of circuit switching lies in its guaranteed capacity: once a circuit is established, no other network activity will decrease the capacity of the circuit. lie in：在于，位于 capacity：容量 电路交换的优点在于它确保了传输容量：一条回路一建立，就没有其它的活动降低该回路的容量。 One disadvantage of circuit switching is cost: circuit costs are fixed, independent of traffic. For example, one pays a fixed rate for a phone call, even when the two par