六特殊句型的被动语态.docVIP

初中被动语态的特殊结构形式 一 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 特殊句型的被动语态： ⑴含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch, feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。 例：①Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. ②We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us. ⑵teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。 例：①Ｓhe gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. →I was given a pen by her. →A pen was given to me by her. ②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me. →I was bought a new bike by my father. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. ⑶由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。(前面已举过两例) 例：①Ｗe should speak to old people politely. →Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us). ②He took away the box.. →The box was taken away by him. ⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变） 例：①We call him Xiao Ma. 主 谓　 宾 宾补 →Ｈe is called Xiao Ma by us. ②He found the book very interesting. →The book was found very interesting by him. 三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有： It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。　 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ） 没有被动语态的动词： 1. 没有被动语态的词， 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit, write well(好写),sell well（好卖）等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen = take place, break out(爆发)，