《软件技术基础教学课件》4.2 structure.pptVIP

? 2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. ? 2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline Outline * Chapter - Structure Outline 1.1 Structure 1.2 typedef 1.3 Working with an array of structure 1.4 Searching an array of structure 1.5 Fractions 1.1 Structures in C In C, we can create our own data types - FILE is an example of this. If programmers do a good job of this, the end user doesnt even have to know what is in the data type. struct is used to describe a new data type. typedef is used to associate a name with it. int, double and char are types of variables. With struct you can create your own. It is a new way to extend the C programming language. 1.1 Structure Define structure Struct date { int day; int month; int year; }; Struct date dob; * 1.1 Use structure with function For example: to assign the date “Nobember 14, 2006 ” to dob. We can use Dob.day=14; Dob.month=11; Dob.year=2006; Printf (“the party is on %d/%d’\n”, dob.day, dob.month, dob.year); If we use function? Void printDate (structure date d){ Printf (“%d%d%d\n”, d.day, d.month, d.year); } Then call PrintDate (dob); * The structure statement: example 1 Here is an example struct statement. #include stdio.h struct line { int x1, y1; /* co-ords of 1 end of line*/ int x2, y2; /* co-ords of other end */ }; main() { struct line line1; } This defines the variable line1 to be a variable of type line 1.2 Typedef Typedef allows us to associate a name with a structure (or other data type). Put typedef at the start of your program. typedef struct { int x1, y1; int x2, y2; } LINE; int main() { LINE line1; } line1 is now a structure of line type This is what was happening with all that FILE * stuff 1.2 typedef Typedef int whole; Whole amount, numcopies; That is exactly equivalent to Int amount, numcopeis; * 1.2 typedef example 1 typedef struct { Int day; Char month [4]; Int year; } Date; We can represent the date “November 14, 2006” in a Date variab