《软件技术基础教学课件》4.3 Pointers.pptVIP

? 2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. ? 2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline Outline * Chapter - Array and Pointer Outline 1.1 Array 1.2 What is a pointer/ How to declare pointer variables 1.3 Array and pointers 1.4 More on passing an array as an argument 1.5 Pointer to a structure 1.6 Pointer to array of structure 1 Types of the Array * * A variable declared as an array represents a contiguous region of memory in which the array elements are stored. int x[5]; // an array of 5 4-byte ints. All arrays begin with an index of 0 An array identifier is equivalent to a pointer that references the first element of the array int x[5], *ptr;ptr x[0] is equivalent to ptr x; Pointer arithmetic and arrays: int x[5];x[2] is the same as x + 2 , the compiler will assume you mean 2 objects beyond element x. 1.Arrays and Pointers 0 1 2 3 4 1 0 2 3 little endian byte ordering memory layout for array x 11.* An array is a sequenced collection of elements, normally of the same data type, although some programming languages accept arrays in which elements are of different types. We can refer to the elements in the array as the first element, the second element and so forth, until we get to the last element. Figure Arrays with indexes 11.* An example of finding the average of elements in array whose elements are reals. 11.* Multi-dimensional arrays The arrays discussed so far are known as one-dimensional arrays because the data is organized linearly in only one direction. Many applications require that data be stored in more than one dimension. Figure 11.5 shows a table, which is commonly called a two-dimensional array. Figure 11.5 A two-dimensional array 1.2 Pointers Powerful, but difficult to master Simulate call-by-reference Close relationship with arrays and strings Pointer The operator , when applied to a variable, returns the address of the variable. Eg. Ptr num;? declare ptr to be a pointer of address num Int *ptr; *ptr num; Num *