资料 interaction of two-mode light field with two-level atom.docVIP

1. Introduction Entanglement is a fascinating feature of quantum mechanics. It is believed that entanglement is the main resource in quantum information processing such as quantum communication [1-3] and quantum computation [4-6]. Often, quantum information needs to be transferred from one system to another in a quantum network. Hence, there have been many investigations on the entanglement transfer between different systems, for example, from light to qubits [7-17], from atoms to fields [18] and from atoms to atoms [19]. For pure states, the linear entropy [20, 21] and the von Neumann entropy [22-24] are usually used to measure the entanglement. To measure the entanglement of mixed states is a hard problem. For a qubit-qubit or qubit-qutrit system in mixed states, the negativity of the partial transposition of the reduced density matrix [25, 26] provides the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of entanglement. For the qubit-qubit system, the concurrence [27] can also be used, which is defined as , where are the square roots of the eigenvalues of the matrix with being the density matrix of the system and ( are Pauli matrices). The value indicates that the two subsystems are separable and means that the two subsystems are inseparable. If there are more than two qubits or more than one qutrit in a mixed system, there is no a convenient way of entanglement measurement. Atom-field interactions may result in the phenomenon of entanglement sudden death(ESD) [28-31]. For instance, if two two-level atoms, say atom 1 and atom 2, are initially entangled, atom-field interactions in lossless cavities can make the atom-atom entanglement fall abruptly to zero and remain zero for a period of time before entanglement recovers [28, 29]. The atom-atom entanglement is calculated based on the reduced density matrix for the two atoms after tracing over the field variables. Obviously, the reduced density of the two atoms is not equivalent to the density matrix o