ch2 Application Layer.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2: Application Layer * P2P: centralized directory 1) when peer connects, it informs central server: IP address content 2) Alice queries for “Yesterday Once More” 3) Alice requests file from Bob centralized directory server peers Alice Bob 1 1 1 1 2 3 2: Application Layer * P2P: problems with centralized directory Single point of failure Performance bottleneck Copyright infringement 2: Application Layer * Chapter 2: Application layer 2.1 Principles of network applications 2.2 Web and HTTP 2.3 FTP 2.4 Electronic Mail SMTP, POP3, IMAP 2.5 DNS 2.6 P2P file sharing 2.7 Socket programming with TCP 2.8 Socket programming with UDP 2.9 Building a Web server 2: Application Layer * Socket programming（套接字编程） Socket API introduced in BSD4.1 UNIX, 1981 explicitly created, used, released by apps client/server paradigm two types of transport service via socket API: unreliable datagram reliable, byte stream-oriented a host-local, application-created应用程序生成的, OS-controlled interface (a “door”)（操作系统控制的）接口 into which application process can both send and receive messages to/from another application process（应用程序可以通过它向另一个应用发送或接收消息） socket Goal: learn how to build client/server application that communicate using sockets 2: Application Layer * Socket-programming using TCP Socket: a door between application process（应用进程） and end-end-transport protocol （端到端传输协议）(UCP or TCP) TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one process to another process TCP with buffers, variables socket controlled by application developer controlled by operating system host or server process TCP with buffers, variables socket controlled by application developer controlled by operating system host or server internet 2: Application Layer * Socket programming with TCP（基于TCP的套接字编程） Client must contact server server process must first be running server must have created socket (