The Beneficial Effects of Long-Chain, Polyunsaturated n-3 Fish.pptVIP

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The Beneficial Effects of Long-Chain, Polyunsaturated n-3 Fish.ppt

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The Beneficial Effects of Long-Chain, Polyunsaturated n-3 Fish

The Beneficial Effects of Long-Chain, Polyunsaturated n-3 Fish Oil Fatty Acids on the Cardiovascular SystemAlexander Leaf, M. D.Jackson Professor of Clinical Medicine, EmeritusHarvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA The structure of this lecture:? Back-ground materialTo inform you of the beginning interest in fish and fish oil on heart disease.? The current status of the evidence that ingesting fish or fish oils benefit the cardiovascular systems of animals and humans.? Author’s humble contributions to our understanding of the mechanisms by which the n-3 fish oil fatty acids prevent fatal ventricular arrhythmias (Sudden Cardiac Death, SCD).? Author’s equally humble contribution to the accumulating evidence that n-3 fish oil fatty acids prevent SCD in patients at high risk. BackgroundThe beginning of the interest in fish oil to improve function of the heart occurred early in the 1970’s when two Danish physicians, Bang and Dyerberg, who were aware that the mortality among Greenland Eskimos from heart disease was only about one-tenth that in Denmark and the USA. This was despite the knowledge that the total energy provided from dietary fats was about 38% in all three populations. Dyerberg and Bang then surmised this striking difference in cardiac mortality might be due to the different fats in the diet of the Greenland Inuits and that of Danes and US citizens. Although there were earlier suggestions that polyunsaturated fatty acids might be antiarrhythmic, it was the definitive findings of two Australians McLennan and Charnock, who first demonstrated the antiarrhythmic action of the fish oil fatty acids. Their basic experiment was simple and clear. They fed rats diets for 3- or 4-months in which they could control the major fat component. At the end of the dietary period, they ligated the coronary arteries of the rats and counted the number of animals that died of sustained ventricular fibrillation (VF). In one publication, McLennan reported that sligh