09词汇教案PPT(第四章).ppt

第四章??? ?词的意义 A word is the smallest significant unit of the speech and can appear in isolation. A word has its form ------meaning ------and its reference. We can judge the word by its motivation（理据） Motivation is the relationship between the structure of a word and its meaning. We can judge the word form four aspects: I.Phonetic motivation (onomatopoeia) （语音理据或拟声理据） Onomatopoeic motivation is derived from Greek onomatopoiia-----means “word-making”. Onoma,-matos“name” + poieo”make”. It is also called “imitative word or echo word. It means defining the principle of motivation by sound. 1）Primary onomatopoeia （指音与义的相似） Which means the imitation of sound by sound, here the sound is truly an “echo to the sense” the reference itself is an acoustic experience which is more or less closely imitated by the phonetic structure of the word. Terms like crack, growl, hum, roar, bark, yelp, buzz and howl whiz and a great many others fall into this category.鸟兽等的叫声也属于这一范畴 Some examples Bears growl Bulls bellow pig grunt Cats mew ducks quack Eagles scream bee/flies buss Frogs croak Goats bleat Hens cluck Lions roar Pigeons coo wolf howl 2）Secondary onomatopoeia（指音与某种象征性的意义发生联想） which means that certain sounds and sound-sequences are associated with certain senses in an expressive relationship. In this form, the sounds evoke, not an acoustic experience, but a movement. peng、 bang 、dingdong 、 tick-tack 、 pit-pat spash 、 whisper II. Morphologic motivation (grammatical motivation or its word-formation,形态理据) III. Semantic Motivation （语义理据） IV. Etymology motivation . （词源理据） I 词义分析和语义场 1) 词义分析 Every word has one or more than one meaning. We can analyses the word by its semantic features. All languages, for example, distinguish nouns that categorize abstract from concrete experience; animat