(第五组)第六章作业.pptVIP

第六章费用效益分析Benefit-Cost Analysis Question1.Below are some illustrative numbers for benefit and cost arising from a program to restrict emission of a pollutant. Current emission are 10 tons per month. Identify the emission level at which net benefits would be maximized. Show that this is not the same as the emission level that gives the highest benefit-cost ratio. Explain the discrepancy. Emission (tons/Months) Benefit ($ ) Cost ($) NetB($) B/C 10 0 0 0 0.0 9 4 2 2 2.0 8 8 4 4 2.0 7 18 6 12 3.0 6 32 9 23 3.6 5 44 14 30 3.1 4 54 21 33 2.6 3 62 36 26 1.7 2 68 48 20 1.4 1 72 64 8 1.1 0 74 86 -12 0.9 Net benefits——NetB Benefit-cost ratio——B/C Answer Benefit和Cost均已折算到现值 Net benefits When the emission was reduced by 6 units, that is when the emission level was 4 tons/months, the net benefits would be the max(33 $). Benefit-cost ratio When the emission was reduced by 4 units, that is when the emission level was 6 tons/months, the benefit-cost ratio would be the max(3.6). Discrepancy Because the marginal net benefits brought by restrict emission was reduced. Figure 1 Net benefits and reduced pollutant quantities Pollutant quantities （tons/month） 2. 某市考虑在市中心设立一座现代雕塑，一家公司为了树立其公众形象，决定免费设计和建造这一雕塑。但一些市民反映该雕塑与城市建筑风格不符，反对修建。假定该市仅有5位居民，经调查表明，这5位居民对雕塑的估价如下： 居民 赵 钱 孙 李 周 估价（元） -100 50 50 -25 20 （1）若通过投票，以简单多数形式决定，该雕塑是否会建立？ （2）有人认为，投票不能反映居民支持或反对建立该雕塑的程度，那么应该建立一种什么样的相互支持机制，才能使每个居民对建与不建都无所谓？ （3）老赵或小李必须单独向其他人共支付多少费用，才能避免雕塑的建立？老赵和小李能否达成一个协议共同支付这笔钱，使各自承担的费用比单独支付时来得少？ （1）若通过投票，以简单多数形式决定，该雕塑是否会建立？ 最终投票结果将是3:2，所以雕塑会建立。 （2）有人认为，投票不能反映居民支持或反对建立该雕塑的程度，那么应该建立一种什么样的相互支持机制，才能使每个居民对建与不建都无所谓？ 谈判协调，达成相互支持机制。 （3）老赵或小李必须单独向其他人共支付多少费用，才能避免雕塑的建立？老赵和小李能否达成一个协议共同支付这笔钱，使各自承担的费用比单独支付时来得少？ 老赵和小李必须单独向其他人支付： 50+50+20=120(元） 老赵和小李共同支付： 比例:-100/-25=4/1即老赵96元，小李24元 3. In order to protect the quality of its nearby water resources, a community places a restriction on any housing development closer than 100 feet to a wetland. How might you estimate the social costs of this regulation? Two