金融英语翻译.docVIP

Part 1 Money and Credit Section 1 Money and Money Supply I. The Functions of Money 1. Medium of Exchange or Means of Exchange 货币作为交换媒介，有效地消除了要求 需求的双重巧合和克服困难的易货贸易。钱也 促进生产效率允许人们从事他们所做的最好。 在一个经济的钱是必要的：它是一种润滑剂，使经济 运行更平稳通过降低交易成本，从而鼓励 专业化与分工。在历史上，金钱第一促进交换， 使人们从事什么适合他们大多数又出现了 在各个行业的分工，这带来了一个伟大的生产增长。在 第十九个世纪以来，西方国家通过专业化和分工的方法 在生产劳动进行了大规模的。因此，有越来越丰富 商品的人可以选择和价格大幅下降。金钱的影响 经济是巨大的。 2。帐户或标准值的单位 　　　 　　　In a barter economy, money does not perform this function as unit of account. In a barter economy, double coincidence of wants is not only hard to find, but also difficult for two traders to agree upon an exchange ratio. For example, how many pounds of apples should be exchanged for a bag of wheat? When only two goods are traded, only one exchange ratio must be determined, but as the number of goods produced in the economy increases, the number of exchange ratios grows greatly. Negotiating the exchange ratios for goods exchanges is complicated in a barter economy because there is no common measure of value. People have to determine and keep in mind numerous exchange ratios of goods. Using money as a unit of account reduces transaction costs in an economy by reducing the number of prices that need to be considered. The benefits of this function of money grow as the economy becomes more complex. 在易货经济，钱不执行该函数作为记账单位。在易货经济，需求的双重巧合不仅是很难找到，但双方同意交换比率也难。例如，多少磅苹果应该换一袋小麦？当只有两种商品的交易，只有一个交换率必须被确定，但在经济生产的商品数量增加，交换率的数量急剧上升。谈判的商品交流的交换比率是复杂的以物易物因为没有共同的价值尺度。人们已经确定并记住大量货物的交换比率。使用货币作为记账单位通过减少需要考虑价格数量降低了经济中的交易成本。金钱的这个功能的好处作为经济增长变得更复杂。 3。商店的价值 　　　 　　　A store of value is used to save purchasing power from the time when income is 一个商店的值是用来保存购买力从时间收入时 received until the time when it is spent. That means money is used to defer the time 收到直到花。这意味着钱是用来延迟时间 of exchange of goods and services. This function of money is useful because most of 商品和服务的交换。钱这个功能是有用的因为大多数 us do not want to spend our income immediately upon receiving it but to wait until 我们不希望把我们的收入立即收到它而等待 we have the time or the desire to shop. 我们