岭南教育语法专题一课语法概览.doc

一 简单句及其四个类型 陈述句 否定句 疑问句 祈使句 二 五种基本句型 主 + 谓 →不及物动词，live，work, come, leave, run.He already left this morning. 他今天早上已经走了。 I lived in this house for five years. 我住在这个房子里五年了。 He runs fast. 他跑得很快 He works busily. 他工作很忙。 主 + 谓 + 宾 → II eat some food. 我吃一些食物。 We are playing basketball. 我们正在打篮球、 主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 →常见可带双宾语的词 （Vt + sb. + sth.） give, show, send, bring, pass, lend, hand, tell, return, teach, promiseHe gave me a pen. 他给我一支笔。 I tell him a story. 我告诉他一个故事。 He shows me a new car. 他向我展示了一辆新车 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补He finds the problem very easy. 他发现问题很简单。 I saw him eating an apple. 我看见他在吃苹果。 You can ask him to come soon. 你可以叫他来快点。 Jim can always make his friends very happy. 他总能使他的朋友们很开心。 →常见可带宾补的动词 （Vt+sb. + to do sth.）ask, tell, invite, force, beg, allow, wish, want, like, hate, encourage, advise, persuade, request, order, warn.（Vt+sb. do sth.）have, let, make. (Vt + sb. Doing sth.) 感官动词 主 + 系 + 表I am a student. 我是个学生 I am happy. 我很开心 The water feels cold. 水感觉起来很凉。 →比较：he feels the water is cold. 他感觉这个水很凉。（feel是实义动词） The food taste good. 食物尝起来不错 He becomes old.他变老了。 →常见可做系动词的词 感官动词 seem, appear, look, taste, smell, feel 表示变化的词become, get (ready), grow (old), turn (green), go (wrong), come (true), fall (ill). 表示保持某种状态的动词 be, keep, remain.三 句子成分 主语， 谓语，复合谓语，宾语，直接宾语，间接宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语，独立成分（插入语，感叹词） Tom is a sports fan and a lover of the outdoors. Susan, a good student, has a particular interest in wildlife. She would like to study the environment and wild animals. Some called me up in the middle of the night. He has given me a very interesting book. People called him a dreamer. I don’t like it, you know, it is too boring. Oh, my God! Who did that? 四 词汇分类 实词 名词 代词 数词 动词 形容词 副词 虚词 冠词 介词 连词 感叹词 五 代词 人称代词 主格 宾格 第一人称 I Me us 第二人称 You You 第三人称 he him she her it it they them 物主代词 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 my mine ours 第二人称 your yours 第三人称 his His her Hers its Its their theirs Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself