3沉积岩分类及陆源碎屑岩类概念.pptVIP

第二章 沉积岩各论 Sorting A - positive/negative skew(正偏/负偏) Sorting B - kurtosis （峰态） Sorting C - bimodal distributions Grain Morphology C - sphericity 4) Grain Fabric A - orientation - caused by water flow 4) Grain Fabric B - imbrication - caused by water flow or mass movement 4) Grain Fabric C - packing of grains 4) Grain Fabric D - point contacts 4) Grain Fabric E - concavo-convex contacts 4) Grain Fabric F - sutured contacts Grain Mineralogy Quartz Feldspar Rock Fragments Micas Clay minerals Heavy minerals Numbers on slides following refer to teaching collection in Petrology Lab PPL - plane-polarized light XPL - crossed polars Grain Mineralogy 1 - Quartz Rounded quartz grains (original shape more angular) Grain Mineralogy 1 - Quartz Rounded quartz grains Grain Mineralogy 1 - Quartz Seemingly normal rounded Quartz grains... Grain Mineralogy 1 - Quartz Seemingly normal rounded Quartz grains… are actually polycrystalline many smaller sutured grains Grain Mineralogy 1 - Quartz This quartz grain goes into extinction in poorly defined bands It has been strained undulose extinction Grain Mineralogy 2 - Feldspar Feldspar - is less stable than quartz chemically weathers to micas and clay minerals is best preserved in mechanically-weathered rocks Grain Mineralogy 2 - Feldspar Two or three types! Potassium (K-, or alkaline) feldspars orthoclase microcline Calcic feldspar plagioclase Grain Mineralogy 2 - K-Feldspar Smokey…….. Grain Mineralogy 2 - K-Feldspar Smokey…….. Grain Mineralogy 2 - Feldspar A K-feldspar Grain Mineralogy 2 - Feldspar A K-feldspar Cross-hatch twinning Grain Mineralogy 2 - Feldspar A calcic feldspar Grain Mineralogy 2 - Feldspar A calcic feldspar multiple twinning (albite) Grain Mineralogy 2 - Feldspar A K-feldspar with many blebs or lamellae of sodium-rich feldspar Grain Mineralogy 2 - Feldspar A calcic feldspar simple twinning (Carlsbad) Grain Mineralogy 3 - Mica Platy sheet silicate mineral brown/green pleochroism in PPL Grain Min