2014年泛珠三角及中华名校物理奥林匹克邀请赛综合试试题.docxVIP

2014 年泛珠三角及中华名校物理奥林匹克邀请赛Pan Pearl River Delta Physics Olympiad 2014Pan Pearl River Delta Physics Olympiad年泛珠三角及中华名校物理奥林匹克邀请赛Sponsored by Institute for Advanced Study, HKUST香港科技大学高等研究院赞助Part-1 (Total 6 Problems) 卷-1（共6 题）(9:00 am – 12:00 pm, 6 February, 2014)1.Sunset Twice a Day (6 points) 一天两观日落 （6 分）Presently the tallest tower in the world is Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Its height is 828 m. An Internet news article reported that one can watch sunset twice in one day with this tower.杜拜的哈利法塔是现时世界上最高的建筑，高度为 828 米。互联网上有新闻文章报导，可以利用 这塔在一天内两次观看到日落。What is the time range of sunset between the bottom and the top of the tower? Give youranswer in minutes. Parameters: Earth’s radius = 6400 km. Distance between Sun and Earth =1.5 ? 1011 m. (3 points)试求塔底和塔顶之间日落时间的范围。答案请以分钟为单位。参数：地球半径 = 6400 公里。 太阳和地球之间的距离 = 1.5 ? 1011 米。（3 分）Burj Khalifa also has the world’s third fastest elevator (lift) with a speed of v = 10 m/s. Immediately before the elevator starts moving upwards at the speed v from the bottom of the tower, a tourist in the elevator views the sunset. When he reaches the observatory at the height of 452 m, he found that the Sun has risen. Calculate the inclination angle of the Sun above the horizon. Give your answer in degrees. (3 points)哈里发塔还拥有世界第三快的电梯，速度可达 v = 10 m/s。有电梯内的游客，在电梯从塔底开 始上升前一瞬看到日落，其后电梯以速度 v 上升。当他到达在 452 米高度的观景台时，发现 太阳上升了。试计算太阳在地平线以上的仰角。答案请以度为单位。（3 分）2.Radiocarbon Dating (5 points) 放射性碳年龄测定法 （5 分）Radiocarbon dating is a technique used in archeology to estimate the age of organic materials, such as wood and leather. It uses the fact that the density of 14C atoms in the atmosphere is constantly around 1.3 atoms of 14C in every 1012 atoms of all isotopes of carbon. However, when an organism dies, 14C cannot be replenished and decreases due to ? decay with a half-life of 5730 years. The radioactive decay can be written in the following form:放射性碳年龄测定法是考古学上用来估计有机物料（如木材和皮革）年龄的技术。它的根据，在 于 14C 原子在大气中，浓度恒常处于每 1012 粒碳原子中（包括所有同位素）有 1.3 粒 14C 原子。 但是，生物死亡后，14C 不能得到补充，并