4. Protista.pptVIP

1）Move by means of cilia. 2）Two types of nuclei, the macronucleus and the micronucleus. 3）Feeding organelles 4）Conjugation may be used for sexual reproduction, and binary fission also occurs 2、Characteristics present in class Ciliates 3、The common kind of Ciliata 棘尾虫Stylonychia 游仆虫Euplotes 钟虫Vorticella 喇叭虫Stentor 车轮虫Trichodina Brief summary 1 单细胞动物，个体小；体型结构多样。 2 以细胞器完成各种生活机能。 运动：鞭毛、纤毛、伪足 营养：光合、吞噬、渗透 呼吸、排泄：体表、伸缩泡 生殖：无性生殖（二分裂、多分裂、质裂、孢子、出芽）；有性生殖（配子、接合） 3 在不良环境条件下，大多可形成包囊度过不良环境。 Review Questions 1、原生动物门的主要特征是什么？如何理解它是动物界里最原始、最低等的一类动物？ 2、原生动物门有哪几个重要纲，代表动物是什么？ 3、名词解释：binary fission、multiple fission、sporogony、budding、Plasmotomy、conjugation （zygogamy）。 * * Leishmaniasis includes two major diseases, cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis, caused by more than 20 different leishmanial species. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, the most common form of the disease, causes skin ulcers. Visceral leishmaniasis causes a severe systemic disease that is usually fatal without treatment. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is a rare but severe form affecting the nasal and oral mucosa. Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of small insects called sand flies. Many leishmanial species infect animals as well as humans. The distribution is world-wide, but 90% of visceral leishmaniasis cases occur in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, Ethiopia and Brazil, while 90% of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases occur in Afghanistan, Algeria, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. * Light detector: swelling near the base of the long flagellum; detects light that is not blocked by the eyespot; as a result, Euglena moves toward light of appropriate intensity, an important adaptation that enhances photosynthesis Long flagellum Short flagellum Nucleus Plasma membrane Paramylon granule Chloroplast Contractile vacuole Eyespot: pigmented organelle that functions as a light shield, allowing light from only a certain direction to strike the light detector Pellicle: protein bands beneath t